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[[Summary|'''Executive Summary''']]
 +
 +
 
[[Chapter_1|'''1.0 The Global Acid Rock Drainage Guide''']]
 
[[Chapter_1|'''1.0 The Global Acid Rock Drainage Guide''']]
 
:[[Chapter_1#1.1 Introduction|1.1 Introduction]]
 
:[[Chapter_1#1.1 Introduction|1.1 Introduction]]
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:[[Chapter_1#1.2 Acid Rock Drainage Management - The Business Case|1.2 Acid Rock Drainage Management – The Business Case]]
 
:[[Chapter_1#1.2 Acid Rock Drainage Management - The Business Case|1.2 Acid Rock Drainage Management – The Business Case]]
 
:[[Chapter_1#1.3 Scope and Objectives of the Global Acid Rock Drainage Guide|1.3 Scope and Objectives of the Global Acid Rock Drainage Guide]]
 
:[[Chapter_1#1.3 Scope and Objectives of the Global Acid Rock Drainage Guide|1.3 Scope and Objectives of the Global Acid Rock Drainage Guide]]
::1.3.1 Scope
+
::[[Chapter_1#1.3.1 Scope|1.3.1 Scope]]
::1.3.2 Objectives
+
::[[Chapter_1#1.3.2 Objectives|1.3.2 Objectives]]
 
:[[Chapter_1#1.4 Relation to Other Guides|1.4 Relation to Other Guides]]
 
:[[Chapter_1#1.4 Relation to Other Guides|1.4 Relation to Other Guides]]
 
:[[Chapter_1#1.5 Approach of the Global Acid Rock Drainage Guide|1.5 Approach of the Global Acid Rock Drainage Guide]]
 
:[[Chapter_1#1.5 Approach of the Global Acid Rock Drainage Guide|1.5 Approach of the Global Acid Rock Drainage Guide]]
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:[[Chapter_1#1.7 The Sustainable Development Approach|1.7 The Sustainable Development Approach]]
 
:[[Chapter_1#1.7 The Sustainable Development Approach|1.7 The Sustainable Development Approach]]
 
:[[Chapter_1#1.8 Layout and How to Use the Guide|1.8 Layout and How to Use the Guide]]
 
:[[Chapter_1#1.8 Layout and How to Use the Guide|1.8 Layout and How to Use the Guide]]
::1.8.1 Layout
+
::[[Chapter_1#1.8.1 Layout|1.8.1 Layout]]
::1.8.2 How to Use the Global Acid Rock Drainage Guide
+
::[[Chapter_1#1.8.2 How to Use the Global Acid Rock Drainage Guide|1.8.2 How to Use the Global Acid Rock Drainage Guide]]
 
:[[Chapter_1#1.9 Chapter References|1.9 Chapter References]]
 
:[[Chapter_1#1.9 Chapter References|1.9 Chapter References]]
 
:[[Chapter_1#List of Figures|List of Figures]]
 
:[[Chapter_1#List of Figures|List of Figures]]
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[[#top|Top of this page]]
 
[[#top|Top of this page]]
  
[[Chapter_2|2.0 The Acid Rock Drainage Process]]
+
[[Chapter_2|'''2.0 The Acid Rock Drainage Process''']]
 
:[[Chapter_2#2.1 Introduction|2.1 Introduction]]
 
:[[Chapter_2#2.1 Introduction|2.1 Introduction]]
 
:[[Chapter_2#2.2 Acid Rock Drainage, Neutral Mine Drainage, and Saline Drainage|2.2 Acid Rock Drainage, Neutral Mine Drainage, and Saline Drainage]]
 
:[[Chapter_2#2.2 Acid Rock Drainage, Neutral Mine Drainage, and Saline Drainage|2.2 Acid Rock Drainage, Neutral Mine Drainage, and Saline Drainage]]
::2.2.1 Definition of Acid Rock Drainage, Neutral Mine Drainage, and Saline Drainage
 
::2.2.2 Natural vs Anthropogenic Drainage
 
 
:[[Chapter_2#2.3 History of Acid Rock Drainage|2.3 History of Acid Rock Drainage]]
 
:[[Chapter_2#2.3 History of Acid Rock Drainage|2.3 History of Acid Rock Drainage]]
 
:[[Chapter_2#2.4 The Acid Generation Process|2.4 The Acid Generation Process]]
 
:[[Chapter_2#2.4 The Acid Generation Process|2.4 The Acid Generation Process]]
 +
::[[Introduction to Coal Mine Drainage]]
 +
:::[[Introduction to Coal Mine Drainage#C2.1 Introduction|C2.1 Introduction]]
 +
:::[[Introduction to Coal Mine Drainage#C2.2. Pyrite in Sedimentary Strata|C2.2. Pyrite in Sedimentary Strata]]
 +
:::[[Introduction to Coal Mine Drainage#C2.3 Carbonate Minerals in Coal-bearing Strata|C2.3 Carbonate Minerals in Coal-bearing Strata]]
 +
:::[[Introduction to Coal Mine Drainage#C2.4. How Geology Affects Coal Mine Drainage Quality|C2.4. How Geology Affects Coal Mine Drainage Quality]]
 +
 
::[[Chapter_2#2.4.1 Characteristics of Acid Rock Drainage, Neutral Mine Drainage, and Saline Drainage|2.4.1 Characteristics of Acid Rock Drainage, Neutral Mine Drainage, and Saline Drainage]]
 
::[[Chapter_2#2.4.1 Characteristics of Acid Rock Drainage, Neutral Mine Drainage, and Saline Drainage|2.4.1 Characteristics of Acid Rock Drainage, Neutral Mine Drainage, and Saline Drainage]]
 
::[[Chapter_2#2.4.2 The Global and Geochemical Sulphur Cycles|2.4.2 The Global and Geochemical Sulphur Cycles]]
 
::[[Chapter_2#2.4.2 The Global and Geochemical Sulphur Cycles|2.4.2 The Global and Geochemical Sulphur Cycles]]
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::[[Chapter_2#2.4.6 Neutralization Reactions|2.4.6 Neutralization Reactions]]
 
::[[Chapter_2#2.4.6 Neutralization Reactions|2.4.6 Neutralization Reactions]]
 
::[[Chapter_2#2.4.7 The Acid Rock Drainage Process and Migration|2.4.7 The Acid Rock Drainage Process and Migration]]
 
::[[Chapter_2#2.4.7 The Acid Rock Drainage Process and Migration|2.4.7 The Acid Rock Drainage Process and Migration]]
:::2.4.7.1 Factors directly involved in rate of sulphide oxidation
 
:::2.4.7.2 Factors that modify drainage resulting from sulphide oxidation
 
:::2.4.7.3 Receiving environment
 
 
:[[Chapter_2#2.5 Concluding Statement|2.5 Concluding Statement]]
 
:[[Chapter_2#2.5 Concluding Statement|2.5 Concluding Statement]]
 
:[[Chapter_2#2.6 References|2.6 References]]
 
:[[Chapter_2#2.6 References|2.6 References]]
Line 44: Line 48:
 
[[#top|Top of this page]]
 
[[#top|Top of this page]]
  
==3.0 Chapter 3: Corporate, Regulatory And Community Framework (John Wates)==
+
[[Chapter_3|'''3.0 Corporate, Regulatory, and Community Framework''']]
: [[Guide3.1|3.1 Introduction ]]
+
:[[Chapter_3#3.1 Framework for Management of Acid Rock Drainage|3.1 Framework for Management of Acid Rock Drainage]]
: [[Guide3.2|3.2 GARD Guide Road Map ]]
+
:[[Chapter_3#3.2 Corporate Guidance|3.2 Corporate Guidance]]
: [[Guide3.3|3.3 Corporate Guidance ]]
+
::[[Chapter_3#3.2.1 Newmont|3.2.1 Newmont]]
: [[Guide3.4|3.4 Sustainability Considerations ]]
+
::[[Chapter_3#3.2.2 Rio Tinto|3.2.2 Rio Tinto]]
: [[Guide3.5|3.5 Regulatory Guidance ]]
+
::[[Chapter_3#3.2.3 Relationship to Other Requirements and Issues|3.2.3 Relationship to Other Requirements and Issues]]
:: 3.5.1 Global Regulatory Guidance
+
:[[Chapter_3#3.3 Sustainability and Community Considerations|3.3 Sustainability and Community Considerations]]
:: [[Guide3.5.2|3.5.2 Country Regulatory Guidance]]
+
:[[Chapter_3#3.4 Global Regulatory Guidance|3.4 Global Regulatory Guidance]]
::: [[Guide3.5.2.1|3.5.2.1 Australia]]
+
:[[Chapter_3#3.5 Country Regulatory Guidance|3.5 Country Regulatory Guidance]]
::: [[Guide3.5.2.2|3.5.2.2 Canada]]
+
::[[Chapter_3#3.5.1 Commonalities in the Regulatory Regimes|3.5.1 Commonalities in the Regulatory Regimes]]
::: [[Guide3.5.2.3|3.5.2.3 Chile]]
+
::[[Chapter_3#3.5.2 United States of America and its States|3.5.2 United States of America and its States]]
::: [[Guide3.5.2.4|3.5.2.4 China]]
+
::[[Chapter_3#3.5.3 Canada and its Provinces and Territories|3.5.3 Canada and its Provinces and Territories]]
::: [[Guide3.5.2.5|3.5.2.5 EU]]
+
::[[Chapter_3#3.5.4 Australia, its States and Territories|3.5.4 Australia, its States and Territories]]
::: [[Guide3.5.2.6|3.5.2.6 Indonesia]]
+
::[[Chapter_3#3.5.5 European Union (EU)|3.5.5 European Union (EU)]]
::: [[Guide3.5.2.7|3.5.2.7 Peru]]
+
::[[Chapter_3#3.5.6 South Africa|3.5.6 South Africa]]
::: [[Guide3.5.2.8|3.5.2.8 Russia]]
+
::[[Chapter_3#3.5.7 New Zealand|3.5.7 New Zealand]]
::: [[Guide3.5.2.9|3.5.2.9 South Africa]]
+
::[[Chapter_3#3.5.8 Brazil|3.5.8 Brazil]]
::: [[Guide3.5.2.10|3.5.2.10 USA]]
+
::[[Chapter_3#3.5.9 Indonesia|3.5.9 Indonesia]]
::: [[Guide3.5.2.11|3.5.2.11 Others]]
+
:[[Chapter_3#3.6 Risk Considerations|3.6 Risk Considerations]]
: [[Guide3.6|3.6 Mine Phase Considerations ]]
+
:[[Chapter_3#3.7 References|3.7 References]]
:: 3.6.1 Assessment and early prediction
+
:[[Chapter_3#List of Tables|List of Tables]]
::: 3.6.1.1 Exploration
+
:[[Chapter_3#List of Figures|List of Figures]]
::: 3.6.1.2 Assessment
 
:: 3.6.2 Monitoring, prevention, treatment and mitigation
 
::: 3.6.1.3 Design
 
::: 3.6.1.4 Construction
 
::: 3.6.1.5 Operation
 
:: 3.6.3 Long-term management measures
 
::: 3.6.3.6 Closure
 
::: 3.6.3.7 Post Closure
 
: [[Guide3.7|3.7 Neutral and Saline Mine Drainage ]]
 
: [[Guide3.8|3.8 ARD Guidance FAQ's ]]
 
: [[Guide3.9|3.9 References ]]
 
 
 
[[#top|Top of this page]]
 
 
 
== 4.0 Chapter 4: Defining The Problem – Characterization (Devin Castendyk)==
 
: [[Guide4.1|4.1 Introduction ]]
 
: [[Guide4.2|4.2 Problem Definition Approach and Site Characterization ]]
 
:: 4.2.1 Exploration Phase
 
:: 4.2.2 Assessment Phase
 
:: 4.2.3 Mine Design Phase
 
:: 4.2.4 Construction and Operation Phase
 
:: 4.2.5 Closure Phase
 
:: 4.2.6 Post Closure Phase
 
: [[Guide4.3|4.3 Characterization Methods ]]
 
:: 4.3.1 Sampling
 
:: 4.3.2 Geophysical methods
 
:: 4.3.3 Remote Sensing
 
: [[Guide4.4|4.4 Characterization of Potential Sources of ARD, NMD and SD ]]
 
: [[Guide4.5|4.5 Commodity Specific Considerations ]]
 
: [[Guide4.6|4.6 Approach for Risk Assessment Applied to ARD ]]
 
: [[Guide4.7|4.7 ARD Problem Definition FAQ's ]]
 
: [[Guide4.8|4.8 Chapter Conclusions ]]
 
: [[Guide4.9|4.9 References ]]
 
 
 
[[#top|Top of this page]]
 
  
== 5.0 Chapter 5: Prediction (Kirk Nordstrom)==
 
: [[Guide5.1|5.1 Introduction ]]
 
: [[Guide5.2|5.2 Objectives of Prediction Program ]]
 
: [[Guide5.3|5.3 The ARD Prediction Approach ]]
 
: [[Guide5.4|5.4 Relevance of ARD Source ]]
 
: [[Guide5.5|5.5 Consideration of ARD Factors ]]
 
: [[Guide5.6|5.6 Climatic Factors ]]
 
: [[Guide5.7|5.7 ARD , Metal Leaching and Sulphate Production ]]
 
: [[Guide5.8|5.8 Data Needs for Prediction ]]
 
: [[Guide5.9|5.9 Prediction Tools ]]
 
:: [[Guide5.9.1|5.9.1 Geology and Lithological Considerations ]]
 
:: [[Guide5.9.2|5.9.2 Mineralogical Investigations ]]
 
:: [[Guide5.9.3|5.9.3 Field Measurements and Assessments ]]
 
:: [[Guide5.9.4|5.9.4 Geophysical Investigations ]]
 
:: [[Guide5.9.5|5.9.5 Hydrogeological/Hydrological Investigations ]]
 
:: [[Guide5.9.6|5.9.6 Overview of Testing Methods ]]
 
::: 5.9.6.1 Static Methods
 
::: 5.9.6.2 Kinetic Methods
 
: [[Guide5.10|5.10 Geochemical Modeling of ARD for Characterization and Remediation ]]
 
: [[Guide5.11|5.11 Relation to ARD Mitigation Methods ]]
 
: [[Guide5.12|5.12 Evaluation Approaches ]]
 
:: 5.12.1 NMD and Saline Drainage Considerations
 
:: 5.12.2 Scale-up Considerations
 
:: 5.12.3 "Yes/no" Prediction
 
:: 5.12.4 Quantitative ARD Prediction
 
: [[Guide5.13|5.13 Certainty of Prediction ]]
 
: [[Guide5.14|5.14 Usefulness and Limitations of Geochemical Modeling ]]
 
: [[Guide5.15|5.15 ARD Prediction FAQ's ]]
 
: [[Guide5.16|5.16 References ]]
 
  
 
[[#top|Top of this page]]
 
[[#top|Top of this page]]
  
==6.0 [[chapter_6|Chapter 6:]] Prevention And Mitigation (Ward Wilson)==
+
[[Chapter_4|'''4.0 Defining the Problem - Characterization''']]
: [[Guide6.1|6.1 Introduction ]]
+
:[[Chapter_4#4.1 Introduction|4.1 Introduction]]
: [[Guide6.2|6.2 Objectives of Prevention and Mitigation ]]
+
:[[Chapter_4#4.2 Site Characterization Approach|4.2 Site Characterization Approach]]
: [[Guide6.3|6.3 The ARD Prevention and Mitigation Approach ]]
+
::[[Chapter_4#4.2.1 Mine Life Cycle Phases|4.2.1 Mine Life Cycle Phases]]
: [[Guide6.4|6.4 Relevance of ARD Source ]]
+
::[[Chapter_4#4.2.2 Sources of Acid Rock Drainage|4.2.2 Sources of Acid Rock Drainage]]
: [[Guide6.5|6.5 Consideration of ARD Factors ]]
+
::[[Chapter_4#4.2.3 Conceptual Site Model Development|4.2.3 Conceptual Site Model Development]]
: [[Guide6.6|6.6 ARD and Metal Leaching and Sulphate Production ]]
+
:[[Chapter_4#4.3 Components of Site Characterization|4.3 Components of Site Characterization]]
: [[Guide6.7|6.7 Climatic and Other Factors ]]
+
::[[Chapter_4#4.3.1 Geo-environmental Models|4.3.1 Geo-environmental Models]]
: [[Guide6.8|6.8 Phased Approach ]]
+
::[[Chapter_4#4.3.2 Source Material Geochemical Characterization|4.3.2 Source Material Geochemical Characterization]]
: [[Guide6.9|6.9 Overview of Methods ]]
+
::[[Chapter_4#4.3.3 Watershed Characterization|4.3.3 Watershed Characterization]]
:: 6.9.1 Remining
+
:::[[Chapter_4#4.3.3.1 The Hydrologic Cycle|4.3.3.1 The Hydrologic Cycle]]
:: 6.9.2 Special Handling Methods
+
:::[[Chapter_4#4.3.3.2 Water Balance|4.3.3.2 Water Balance]]
::: 6.9.2.1 Incorporation in Mine Plan
+
:::[[Chapter_4#4.3.3.3 Assimilative Capacity of the Receiving Environment|4.3.3.3 Assimilative Capacity of the Receiving Environment]]
::: 6.9.2.2 Segregation
+
:::[[Chapter_4#4.3.3.4 Biological Receptors|4.3.3.4 Biological Receptors]]
::: 6.9.2.3 Desulphidization
+
:[[Chapter_4#4.4 Summary|4.4 Summary]]
::: 6.9.2.4 Compaction and Physical Tailings Conditioning
+
:[[Chapter_4#4.5 References|4.5 References]]
::: 6.9.2.5 Encapsulation and Layering
+
:[[Chapter_4#List of Tables|List of Tables]]
::: 6.9.2.6 Blending
+
:[[Chapter_4#List of Figures|List of Figures]]
::: 6.9.2.7 Co-disposal
 
::: 6.9.2.8 Permafrost and Freezing
 
:: 6.9.3 Additions and Amendment Methods
 
::: 6.9.3.1 Passivation
 
::: 6.9.3.2 Alkaline materials
 
::: 6.9.3.3 Organics
 
::: 6.9.3.4 Bactericides
 
:: 6.9.4 Water Management Methods
 
::: 6.9.4.1 Hydrodynamic controls
 
::: 6.9.4.2 Dewatering
 
::: 6.9.4.3 Diversion
 
::: 6.9.4.4 Filling
 
::: 6.9.4.5 Seals
 
:: 6.9.5 Dry Cover Methods
 
::: 6.9.5.1 Organic
 
::: 6.9.5.2 Soil
 
::: 6.9.5.3 Limestone and Alkaline
 
::: 6.9.5.4 Synthetic
 
::: 6.9.5.5 Gas
 
::: 6.9.5.6 Vegetation
 
:: 6.9.6 Water Cover Methods
 
::: 6.9.6.1 Subaqueous
 
::: 6.9.6.2 Partial water cover
 
::: 6.9.6.3 Wetland covers
 
:: 6.9.7 Impact Mitigation
 
::: 6.9.7.1 Attenuation
 
::: 6.9.7.2 Dispersion
 
::: 6.9.7.3 Stream Flow Regulation
 
::: 6.9.7.4 Water recycle and reuse
 
: [[Guide6.10|6.10 Secondary Impacts ]]
 
: [[Guide6.11|6.11 Evaluation of Alternatives ]]
 
: [[Guide6.12|6.12 Design and Construction Considerations ]]
 
: [[Guide6.13|6.13 Maintenance and Monitoring Considerations ]]
 
: [[Guide6.14|6.14 Closure and Long-term Considerations ]]
 
: [[Guide6.15|6.15 ARD Prevention and Mitigation FAQ's ]]
 
: [[Guide6.16|6.16 References ]]
 
 
 
[[#top|Top of this page]]
 
  
==7.0 [[chapter_7|Chapter 7:]] Drainage Treatment (Andre Van Niekerk)==
 
: [[Guide7.1|7.1 Introduction]]
 
: [[Guide7.2|7.2 Objectives of Drainage Treatment]]
 
: [[Guide7.3|7.3 The ARD Treatment Approach]]
 
: [[Guide7.4|7.4 Mine Drainage Collection]]
 
: [[Guide7.5|7.5 Mine Drainage Treatment Technologies]]
 
:: [[Guide7.5.1|7.5.1 Active Treatment]]
 
:: [[Guide7.5.2|7.5.2 Passive treatment technologies]]
 
:: [[Guide7.5.3|7.5.3 Treatment residues and wastes]]
 
: [[Guide7.6|7.6 Recovery of useful products]]
 
: [[Guide7.7|7.7 Evaluation and Selection of Drainage Treatment Technologies]]
 
: [[Guide7.8|7.8 Frequently asked Questions]]
 
: [[Guide7.9|7.9 References]]
 
  
 
[[#top|Top of this page]]
 
[[#top|Top of this page]]
  
==8.0 [[chapter_8|Chapter 8:]] Monitoring (Peter Chapman)==
+
[[Chapter_5|'''5.0 Prediction''']]
: [[Guide8.1|8.1 Introduction]]
+
__notoc__
: [[Guide8.2|8.2 Objectives of Monitoring]]
+
:[[Chapter_5#5.1 Introduction|5.1 Introduction]]
: [[Guide8.3|8.3 The ARD Monitoring Approach]]
+
::[[Introduction to CMD Prediction]]
:: 8.3.1 Risk Based Framework
+
:[[Chapter_5#5.2 Objectives of Prediction Program|5.2 Objectives of Prediction Program]]
:: 8.3.2 Monitoring Components
+
:[[Chapter_5#5.3 The Prediction Approach|5.3 The Prediction Approach]]
: [[Guide8.4|8.4 Problem Formulation]]
+
::[[Chapter_5#5.3.1 Acid Rock Drainage/Metal Leaching Characterization|5.3.1 Acid Rock Drainage/Metal Leaching Characterization]]
:: [[Guide8.4.1|8.4.1 Site Definition]]
+
::[[Chapter_5#5.3.2 Prediction during Different Phases of the Mine Life|5.3.2 Prediction during Different Phases of the Mine Life]]
:: [[Guide8.4.2|8.4.2 Contaminants of Potential Concern (COPCs)]]
+
::[[Chapter_5#5.3.3 Water Quality Prediction|5.3.3 Water Quality Prediction]]
:: [[Guide8.4.3|8.4.3 Receptors of Potential Concern (ROPCs)]]
+
:[[Chapter_5b#5.4 Prediction Tools|5.4 Prediction Tools]]
:: [[Guide8.4.4|8.4.4 Assessment and Measurement Endpoints]]
+
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.1 Introduction|5.4.1 Introduction]]
:: [[Guide8.4.5|8.4.5 Reference Areas/Locations]]
+
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.2 Geological and Lithological Investigations|5.4.2 Geological and Lithological Investigations]]
:: [[Guide8.4.6|8.4.6 Conceptual Site Model (CSM)]]
+
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.3 Hydrogeological/Hydrological Investigations|5.4.3 Hydrogeological/Hydrological Investigations]]
:: [[Guide8.4.7|8.4.7 Risk Hypotheses]]
+
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.4 Introduction to Geochemical Characterization|5.4.4 Introduction to Geochemical Characterization]]
:: [[Guide8.4.8|8.4.8 Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP)]]
+
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.5 Sample Storage and Preparation Prior to Analysis|5.4.5 Sample Storage and Preparation Prior to Analysis]]
: [[Guide8.5|8.5 Overview of Monitoring Approaches]]
+
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.6 Summary of Testing Requirements|5.4.6 Summary of Testing Requirements]]
:: [[Guide8.5.1|8.5.1 Implementation Considerations]]
+
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.7 Physical Characteristics|5.4.7 Physical Characteristics]]
::: 8.5.1.1 Health and Safety
+
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.8 Total and Near-Total Solid-Phase Elemental Concentration|5.4.8 Total and Near-Total Solid-Phase Elemental Concentration]]
::: 8.5.1.2 Freshwater, Estuarine and Saline Receiving Environments
+
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.9 Mineralogical Properties|5.4.9 Mineralogical Properties]]
::: 8.5.1.3 Source/Near-Field/Far-Field Monitoring
+
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.10 Net Acid or ARD Potential|5.4.10 Net Acid or ARD Potential]]
:: [[Guide8.5.2|8.5.2 Discharge monitoring]]
+
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.11 Short-Term Leach Tests|5.4.11 Short-Term Leach Tests]]
:: [[Guide8.5.3|8.5.3 Reference Comparisons]]
+
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.12 Laboratory Kinetic Tests|5.4.12 Laboratory Kinetic Tests]]
::: 8.5.3.1 Upstream-Downstream
+
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.13 Field Methods|5.4.13 Field Methods]]
::: 8.5.3.2 Gradient Monitoring Design
+
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.14 Data Management|5.4.14 Data Management]]
::: 8.5.3.3 Reference Condition Design
+
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.15 Quality Assurance/Quality Control|5.4.15 Quality Assurance/Quality Control]]
:: [[Guide8.5.4|8.5.4 Exposure Assessment]]
+
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.16 Screening and Evaluation Criteria|5.4.16 Screening and Evaluation Criteria]]
::: 8.5.4.1 Data Collection
+
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.17 Reporting|5.4.17 Reporting]]
::: 8.5.4.2 Comparison to Chemical Guidelines
+
:[[Chapter_5c#5.5 Modeling of Acid Rock Drainage, Neutral Mine Drainage, and Saline Drainage for Characterization and Remediation|5.5 Modeling of Acid Rock Drainage, Neutral Mine Drainage, and Saline Drainage for Characterization and Remediation]]
::: 8.5.4.3 Mercury Biomagnification
+
::[[Chapter_5c#5.5.1 Introduction|5.5.1 Introduction]]
::: 8.5.4.4 Environmental Fate
+
::[[Chapter_5c#5.5.2 Geochemical Modeling|5.5.2 Geochemical Modeling]]
:: [[Guide8.5.5|8.5.5 Effects Assessment]]
+
::[[Chapter_5c#5.5.3 Hydrological Modeling|5.5.3 Hydrological Modeling]]
::: 8.5.5.1 Bioavailability
+
::[[Chapter_5c#5.5.4 Hydrogeological Modeling|5.5.4 Hydrogeological Modeling]]
::: 8.5.5.2 Toxicity Testing
+
::[[Chapter_5c#5.5.5 Gas Transport Modeling|5.5.5 Gas Transport Modeling]]
::: 8.5.5.3 Resident Community Structure Alteration
+
::[[Chapter_5c#5.5.6 Statistical Evaluation|5.5.6 Statistical Evaluation]]
::: 8.5.5.4 Investigation of Causation
+
:[[Chapter_5c#5.6 Conclusions|5.6 Conclusions]]
::: 8.5.5.5 The Value of Integrated Assessments
+
:[[Chapter_5c#5.7 References|5.7 References]]
:: [[Guide8.5.6|8.5.6 Risk Characterisation]]
+
:[[Chapter_5c#List of Tables|List of Tables]]
:: [[Guide8.5.7|8.5.7 Uncertainty]]
+
:[[Chapter_5c#List of Figures|List of Figures]]
:: [[Guide8.5.8|8.5.8 Monitoring and Management]]
 
: [[Guide8.6|8.6 Monitoring Specifics]]
 
:: 8.6.1 Sampling
 
:: 8.6.2 Analysis
 
:: 8.6.3 QAQC Considerations
 
::: 8.6.3.1 Data Generation and Acquisition
 
::: 8.6.3.2 Data Management
 
::: 8.6.3.3 Data Verification, Validation and Usability
 
::: 8.6.3.4 Performance Assessment and Oversight
 
: [[Guide8.7|8.7 ARD Monitoring FAQ's]]
 
: [[Guide8.8|8.8 References]]
 
  
 
[[#top|Top of this page]]
 
[[#top|Top of this page]]
  
== 9.0 [[chapter_9|Chapter 9:]] Management And Performance Assessment (Karen Clarke-Whistler/Andy Robertson)==
+
[[Chapter_6|'''6.0 Prevention And Mitigation''']]
: [[Guide9.1|9.1 Managing and Assessing]]
+
__notoc__
:: 9.1.1 Management
+
:[[Chapter_6#6.1 Introduction|6.1 Introduction]]
:: 9.1.2 Performance Assessment (PA)
+
:[[Chapter_6#6.2 Goals and Objectives of Prevention and Mitigation|6.2 Goals and Objectives of Prevention and Mitigation]]
: [[Guide9.2|9.2 Designing for Closure]]
+
:[[Chapter_6#6.3 Approach to Acid Rock Drainage Prevention and Mitigation|6.3 Approach to Acid Rock Drainage Prevention and Mitigation]]
: [[Guide9.3|9.3 Disciplines, Knowledge and Experience Requirements]]
+
:[[Chapter_6#6.4 Drivers of Acid Rock Drainage|6.4 Drivers of Acid Rock Drainage]]
: [[Guide9.4|9.4 Developing an ARD Management Plan (MP)]]
+
::[[Chapter_6#6.4.1 Physical Factors|6.4.1 Physical Factors]]
:: 9.4.1 Defining the Problem
+
::[[Chapter_6#6.4.2 Geochemical Weathering Processes|6.4.2 Geochemical Weathering Processes]]
:: 9.4.2 ARD, NMD and Saline Drainage
+
::[[Chapter_6#6.4.3 Climate and Physical Environment|6.4.3 Climate and Physical Environment]]
:: 9.4.3 Gathering Data and Information
+
:[[Chapter_6#6.5 Phased Approach|6.5 Phased Approach]]
:: 9.4.4 Generating Multiple Solutions
+
:[[Chapter_6#6.6 Overview of Best Practice Methods|6.6 Overview of Best Practice Methods]]
:: 9.4.5 Analyzing and Selecting a Solution
+
::[[Chapter_6#6.6.1 Avoidance|6.6.1 Avoidance]]
::: 9.4.5.1 Modelling and Assessment
+
::[[Chapter_6#6.6.2 Re-mining|6.6.2 Re-mining]]
::: 9.4.5.2 Selecting a Solution
+
::[[Chapter_6#6.6.3 Special Handling Methods|6.6.3 Special Handling Methods]]
:: 9.4.6 Testing the Solution
+
::[[Chapter_6#6.6.4 Additions and Amendment Methods|6.6.4 Additions and Amendment Methods]]
::: 9.4.6.1 Testing Assumptions and Designs
+
::[[Chapter_6#6.6.5 Water Management Methods|6.6.5 Water Management Methods]]
::: 9.4.6.2 Risk Assessment and Management
+
::[[Chapter_6#6.6.6 Engineered Barriers|6.6.6 Engineered Barriers]]
:: 9.4.7 Assembling the ARD Management Plan
+
::[[Chapter_6#6.6.7 Water Cover Methods|6.6.7 Water Cover Methods]]
: [[Guide9.5|9.5  Implementing the ARD Management Plan]]
+
::[[Chapter_6#6.6.8 Drained / Sub-Aerial Tailings Deposition Methods|6.6.8 Drained / Sub-Aerial Tailings Deposition Methods]]
:: 9.5.1 Mine Planning and Design
+
:[[Chapter_6#6.7 Selection and Evaluation of Alternatives|6.7 Selection and Evaluation of Alternatives]]
:: 9.5.2 Construction
+
:[[Chapter_6#6.8 Design and Construction Considerations|6.8 Design and Construction Considerations]]
:: 9.5.3 Operations
+
:[[Chapter_6#6.9 Maintenance and Monitoring Considerations|6.9 Maintenance and Monitoring Considerations]]
:: 9.5.4 Monitoring Performance
+
:[[Chapter_6#6.10 References|6.10 References]]
:: 9.5.5 Adjusting and Modifying the Plan
+
:[[Chapter_6#List of Tables|List of Tables]]
::: 9.5.5.1 Data Retention
+
:[[Chapter_6#List of Figures|List of Figures]]
::: 9.5.5.2 Closure Considerations
 
::: 9.5.5.3 ARD Management FAQ's
 
::: 9.5.5.4 References
 
  
 
[[#top|Top of this page]]
 
[[#top|Top of this page]]
  
==10.0 [[chapter_10|Chapter 10:]] ARD Communication and Consultation (Tisha Greyling)==
+
[[Chapter_7|7.0 Drainage Treatment]]
: [[Guide10.1|10.1 Introduction]]
+
:[[Chapter_7#7.1 Introduction|7.1 Introduction]]
: [[Guide10.2|10.2 The Business Case For Stakeholder Engagement]]
+
::[[Chapter_7#7.1.1 Risk-based approach|7.1.1 Risk-based approach]]
:: 10.2.1 Corporate social risk and consequences
+
:[[Chapter_7#7.2 Objectives of Mine Drainage Treatment|7.2 Objectives of Mine Drainage Treatment]]
:: 10.2.2 Benefits of good stakeholder engagement
+
:[[Chapter_7#7.3 Mine Drainage Treatment|7.3 Mine Drainage Treatment]]
:: 10.2.3 The role of regulatory and other requirements
+
:[[Chapter_7#7.4 Drainage Sources, Collection and Management|7.4 Drainage Sources, Collection and Management]]
:: 10.2.4 In-country laws
+
:[[Chapter_7#7.5 Mine Drainage Treatment Technologies|7.5 Mine Drainage Treatment Technologies]]
:: 10.2.5 International conventions, guidelines and standards
+
::[[Chapter_7#7.5.1 Active Treatment Technologies|7.5.1 Active Treatment Technologies]]
:: 10.2.6 Lenders’ requirements
+
:::[[Aeration systems for treating CMD]]
: [[Guide10.3|10.3 Objectives Of Stakeholder Engagement]]
+
::[[Chapter_7#7.5.2 Passive Treatment Technologies|7.5.2 Passive Treatment Technologies]]
: [[Guide10.4|10.4 Good-Practice Principles And Approaches]]
+
:::[[History of Passive Treatment]]
:: 10.4.1 Key principles and approaches
+
::[[Chapter_7#7.5.3 In situ Treatment Technologies|7.5.3 In situ Treatment Technologies]]
:: 10.4.2 Identify stakeholders
+
:[[Chapter_7#7.6 Treatment Residues and Wastes|7.6 Treatment Residues and Wastes]]
:: 10.4.3 Other principles
+
:[[Chapter_7#7.7 Recovery of Useful Products|7.7 Recovery of Useful Products]]
: [[Guide10.5|10.5 Effective Engagement]]
+
:[[Chapter_7#7.8 Treatment in the Context of Mine Closure and Post Closure|7.8 Treatment in the Context of Mine Closure and Post Closure]]
:: 10.5.1 Within Companies
+
:[[Chapter_7#7.9 Evaluation and Selection of Drainage Treatment Technologies|7.9 Evaluation and Selection of Drainage Treatment Technologies]]
:: 10.5.2 With Regulators
+
:[[Chapter_7#7.10 Case Studies|7.10 Case Studies]]
:: 10.5.3 With Communities
+
:[[Chapter_7#7.11 References|7.11 References]]
:: 10.5.4 With other stakeholders
+
:[[Chapter_7#List of Tables|List of Tables]]
:: 10.5.5 Communication and Consultation by Regulators and Communities
+
:[[Chapter_7#List of Figures|List of Figures]]
: [[Guide10.6|10.6 Stakeholder Engagement For Each Mining Phase]]
 
:: 10.6.1 Exploration
 
:: 10.6.2 Assessment
 
:: 10.6.3 Design
 
:: 10.6.4 Construction
 
:: 10.6.5 Operation
 
:: 10.6.6 Closure and post-closure
 
: [[Guide10.7|10.7 Time, Resources and Costs]]
 
: [[Guide10.8|10.8 Roles And Responsibilities]]
 
:: 10.8.1 The mining company
 
:: 10.8.2 Government
 
:: 10.8.3 Stakeholders
 
: [[Guide10.9|10.9 Evaluation and Reporting]]
 
:: 10.9.1 Record-keeping
 
:: 10.9.2 Evaluation
 
:: 10.9.3 Reporting to neighbors and in-country stakeholders
 
:: 10.9.4 Reporting internationally
 
: [[Guide10.10|10.10 FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions]]
 
: [[Guide10.11|10.11 References]]
 
  
 
[[#top|Top of this page]]
 
[[#top|Top of this page]]
  
==11.0 [[chapter_11|Chapter 11:]] ARD Management & Sustainability Framework (Beth Beloff)==
+
[[Chapter_8|8.0 Monitoring]]
: 11.1 Introduction
+
:[[Chapter_8#8.1 Introduction|8.1 Introduction]]
: 11.2 Developing Industry, Regulatory and Community Approaches
+
:[[Chapter_8#8.2 Objectives of Monitoring|8.2 Objectives of Monitoring]]
: 11.3 Ongoing Research
+
:[[Chapter_8#8.3 The Acid Rock Drainage Monitoring Approach|8.3 The Acid Rock Drainage Monitoring Approach]]
: 11.4 Conferences and Training
+
::[[Chapter_8#8.3.1 Conceptual and Dynamic System Model Development|8.3.1 Conceptual and Dynamic System Model Development]]
: 11.5 ARD Technology FAQ's
+
::[[Chapter_8#8.3.2 Risk Based Approach to Monitoring Program Development|8.3.2 Risk Based Approach to Monitoring Program Development]]
 +
::[[Chapter_8#8.3.3 Monitoring Program Development|8.3.3 Monitoring Program Development]]
 +
::[[Chapter_8#8.3.4 Data Management and Interpretation|8.3.4 Data Management and Interpretation]]
 +
::[[Chapter_8#8.3.5 Auditing|8.3.5 Auditing]]
 +
:[[Chapter_8#8.4 Monitoring Program Components|8.4 Monitoring Program Components]]
 +
::[[Chapter_8#8.4.1 Acid Rock Drainage Sources|8.4.1 Acid Rock Drainage Sources]]
 +
::[[Chapter_8#8.4.2 Pathways|8.4.2 Pathways]]
 +
::[[Chapter_8#8.4.3 Mitigation Measures|8.4.3 Mitigation Measures]]
 +
::[[Chapter_8#8.4.4 Receptors|8.4.4 Receptors]]
 +
:[[Chapter_8#8.5 Closure and Long-Term Considerations|8.5 Closure and Long-Term Considerations]]
 +
:[[Chapter_8#8.6 References and Further Reading|8.6 References and Further Reading]]
 +
:[[Chapter_8#List of Tables|List of Tables]]
 +
:[[Chapter_8#List of Figures|List of Figures]]
 +
:[[Chapter_8#List of Photos|List of Photos]]
  
 
[[#top|Top of this page]]
 
[[#top|Top of this page]]
  
== 12.0 [[GuideReferences|References]] ==
+
[[Chapter_9|9.0 Acid Rock Drainage Management and Peformance Assessment]]
 
+
:[[Chapter_9#9.1 Introduction|9.1 Introduction]]
 +
:[[Chapter_9#9.2 Developing Acid Rock Drainage Management Plans|9.2 Developing Acid Rock Drainage Management Plans]]
 +
::[[Chapter_9#9.2.1 Sustainability Considerations|9.2.1 Sustainability Considerations]]
 +
::[[Chapter_9#9.2.2 Mine Life Cycle Considerations|9.2.2 Mine Life Cycle Considerations]]
 +
::[[Chapter_9#9.2.3 Acid Rock Drainage Control – a Multidisciplinary Task|9.2.3 Acid Rock Drainage Control – a Multidisciplinary Task]]
 +
::[[Chapter_9#9.2.4 ARD Maturity and the Mine-Life Cycle|9.2.4 ARD Maturity and the Mine-Life Cycle]]
 +
::[[Chapter_9#9.2.5 Design for Closure|9.2.5 Design for Closure]]
 +
::[[Chapter_9#9.2.6 Engineering Design Process|9.2.6 Engineering Design Process]]
 +
::[[Chapter_9#9.2.7 Risk Assessment, Management, and Contingency Plans|9.2.7 Risk Assessment, Management, and Contingency Plans]]
 +
::[[Chapter_9#9.2.8 Monitoring Performance and Assessment of Success|9.2.8 Monitoring Performance and Assessment of Success]]
 +
:[[Chapter_9#9.3 Implementing the Acid Rock Drainage Management Plan|9.3 Implementing the Acid Rock Drainage Management Plan]]
 +
::[[Mt._Milligan_Project|Mt. Milligan Project Mini Case Study]]
 +
::[[Chapter_9#9.3.1 Integrating Acid Rock Drainage Management into Mine and Process Operations|9.3.1 Integrating Acid Rock Drainage Management into Mine and Process Operations]]
 +
::[[Chapter_9#9.3.2 Management System Roles and Responsibilities|9.3.2 Management System Roles and Responsibilities]]
 +
:[[Chapter_9#9.4 Long-Term Considerations|9.4 Long-Term Considerations]]
 +
::[[Chapter_9#9.4.1 Design Horizon|9.4.1 Design Horizon]]
 +
::[[Chapter_9#9.4.2 Long-Term Resources|9.4.2 Long-Term Resources]]
 +
::[[Chapter_9#9.4.3 Information/Institutional Knowledge Retention|9.4.3 Information/Institutional Knowledge Retention]]
 +
::[[Chapter_9#9.4.4 Changing Standards/Stakeholder Needs and Expectations|9.4.4 Changing Standards/Stakeholder Needs and Expectations]]
 +
:[[Chapter_9#9.5 References|9.5 References]]
 +
:[[Chapter_9#List of Tables|List of Tables]]
 +
:[[Chapter_9#List of Figures|List of Figures]]
  
 
[[#top|Top of this page]]
 
[[#top|Top of this page]]
  
== [[GuideTables|Tables]] ==
+
[[Chapter_10|10.0 Acid Rock Drainage Communication and Consulting]]
 
+
:[[Chapter_10#10.1 Introduction|10.1 Introduction]]
 +
:[[Chapter_10#10.2 Why Communicate and Consult about Acid Rock Drainage?| 10.2 Why Communicate and Consult about Acid Rock Drainage?]]
 +
::[[Chapter_10#10.2.1 Stakeholder Perceptions about Acid Rock Drainage|10.2.1 Stakeholder Perceptions about Acid Rock Drainage]]
 +
::[[Chapter_10#10.2.2 Benefits of Communication and Consultation about Acid Rock Drainage|10.2.2 Benefits of Communication and Consultation about Acid Rock Drainage]]
 +
:::[[General_Information_on_Metal_Leaching_and_Acid_Rock_Drainage|General Information on Metal Leaching and Acid Rock Drainage]]
 +
:[[Chapter_10#10.3 Mining Disciplines Involved in Acid Rock Drainage Management and Communication|10.3 Mining Disciplines Involved in Acid Rock Drainage Management and Communication]]
 +
::[[Chapter_10#10.3.1 Integration of Functions|10.3.1 Integration of Functions]]
 +
:[[Chapter_10#10.4 Planning Communication and Consultation on Acid Rock Drainage|10.4 Planning Communication and Consultation on Acid Rock Drainage]]
 +
::[[Chapter_10#10.4.1 The Focus of Consulting and Communication|10.4.1 The Focus of Consulting and Communication]]
 +
::[[Chapter_10#10.4.2 Regulatory and Other Requirements for Communication and Consultation|10.4.2 Regulatory and Other Requirements for Communication and Consultation]]
 +
::[[Chapter_10#10.4.3 Tailor Objectives of Stakeholder Engagement to the Situation at Hand|10.4.3 Tailor Objectives of Stakeholder Engagement to the Situation at Hand|]]]]
 +
:[[Chapter_10#10.5 Communication and Consultation about Acid Rock Drainage for each Mining Phase|10.5 Communication and Consultation about Acid Rock Drainage for each Mining Phase]]
 +
:[[Chapter_10#10.6 Good-Practice Principles and Approaches|10.6 Good-Practice Principles and Approaches]]
 +
::[[Chapter_10#10.6.1 Inclusive Engagement|10.6.1 Inclusive Engagement]]
 +
::[[Chapter_10#10.6.2 Get in Early|10.6.2 Get in Early]]
 +
::[[Chapter_10#10.6.3 Be Respectful to People and Cultural Norms|10.6.3 Be Respectful to People and Cultural Norms]]
 +
::[[Chapter_10#10.6.4 Accessible and Transparent Information|10.6.4 Accessible and Transparent Information]]
 +
::[[Chapter_10#10.6.5 Ongoing Feedback and Acknowledgment|10.6.5 Ongoing Feedback and Acknowledgment]]
 +
::[[Chapter_10#10.6.6 Dispute Management and Resolution|10.6.6 Dispute Management and Resolution]]
 +
::[[Chapter_10#10.6.7 The Principles of Risk Communication|10.6.7 The Principles of Risk Communication]]
 +
:[[Chapter_10#10.7 Responsibilities of Regulators|10.7 Responsibilities of Regulators]]
 +
:[[Chapter_10#10.8 Guidelines for Acid Rock Drainage Reporting|10.8 Guidelines for Acid Rock Drainage Reporting]]
 +
:[[Chapter_10#10.9 References|10.9 References]]
 +
:[[Chapter_10#List of Tables|List of Tables]]
 +
:[[Chapter_10#List of Figures|List of Figures]]
  
 
[[#top|Top of this page]]
 
[[#top|Top of this page]]
  
== [[GuideFigures|Figures]] ==
+
[[Chapter_11|11.0 ARD Management in the Future]]
:Figure 1: Road Map for the Global Acid Rock Drainage Guide
+
:[[Chapter_11#11.1 Introduction|11.1 Introduction]]
:Figure 2: Generic Mine Water System Indication Potential Drainage Treatment Plant Positions
+
::[[Chapter_11#11.1.1 ARD through the Sustainable Development "Lens"|11.1.1 ARD through the Sustainable Development "Lens"]]
:Figure 3: Generic Range of Drainage Treatment Technologies
+
:[[Chapter_11#11.2 ARD Research and Management - Today and Tomorrow|11.2 ARD Research and Management - Today and Tomorrow]]
:Figure 4: The risk-based approach in concept, depicting the relationships between the contaminant (source), the receptor and the pathway that connects them
+
::[[Chapter_11#11.2.1 History and Status of ARD Research and Management|11.2.1 History and Status of ARD Research and Management]]
:Figure 5: Implementation of a risk based approach
+
::[[Chapter_11#11.2.2 The Future of ARD Research and Management|11.2.2 The Future of ARD Research and Management]]
 +
:[[Chapter_11#11.3 Stakeholder Roles|11.3 Stakeholder Roles]]
 +
:[[Chapter_11# References| References]]
  
 
[[#top|Top of this page]]
 
[[#top|Top of this page]]
  
 
== [[GuideAppendices|Appendices]] ==
 
== [[GuideAppendices|Appendices]] ==
: Appendix A Title
 
 
: [[Acronyms|Acronyms]]
 
: [[Acronyms|Acronyms]]
 
: [[Glossary|Glossary]]
 
: [[Glossary|Glossary]]
: Units and Conversion Factors
+
<!-- : Units and Conversion Factors
 
: General Further Reading
 
: General Further Reading
 
: Case Studies Listing
 
: Case Studies Listing
: ARD Consultant Terms of Reference
+
: ARD Consultant Terms of Reference -->
  
 
[[#top|Top of this page]]
 
[[#top|Top of this page]]
 +
 +
 +
<div style="text-align:center">'''[[Public_Comment|Click Here to Leave a Comment]]'''</div>

Latest revision as of 21:01, 22 July 2014

Executive Summary


1.0 The Global Acid Rock Drainage Guide

1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Acid Rock Drainage
1.2 Acid Rock Drainage Management – The Business Case
1.3 Scope and Objectives of the Global Acid Rock Drainage Guide
1.3.1 Scope
1.3.2 Objectives
1.4 Relation to Other Guides
1.5 Approach of the Global Acid Rock Drainage Guide
1.6 Application to Mine Phase
1.7 The Sustainable Development Approach
1.8 Layout and How to Use the Guide
1.8.1 Layout
1.8.2 How to Use the Global Acid Rock Drainage Guide
1.9 Chapter References
List of Figures
List of Appendices

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2.0 The Acid Rock Drainage Process

2.1 Introduction
2.2 Acid Rock Drainage, Neutral Mine Drainage, and Saline Drainage
2.3 History of Acid Rock Drainage
2.4 The Acid Generation Process
Introduction to Coal Mine Drainage
C2.1 Introduction
C2.2. Pyrite in Sedimentary Strata
C2.3 Carbonate Minerals in Coal-bearing Strata
C2.4. How Geology Affects Coal Mine Drainage Quality
2.4.1 Characteristics of Acid Rock Drainage, Neutral Mine Drainage, and Saline Drainage
2.4.2 The Global and Geochemical Sulphur Cycles
2.4.3 Acid Rock Drainage Sources
2.4.4 The Sulphide Oxidation Process
2.4.5 Reaction Products from Sulphide Oxidation
2.4.6 Neutralization Reactions
2.4.7 The Acid Rock Drainage Process and Migration
2.5 Concluding Statement
2.6 References
List of Tables
List of Figures

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3.0 Corporate, Regulatory, and Community Framework

3.1 Framework for Management of Acid Rock Drainage
3.2 Corporate Guidance
3.2.1 Newmont
3.2.2 Rio Tinto
3.2.3 Relationship to Other Requirements and Issues
3.3 Sustainability and Community Considerations
3.4 Global Regulatory Guidance
3.5 Country Regulatory Guidance
3.5.1 Commonalities in the Regulatory Regimes
3.5.2 United States of America and its States
3.5.3 Canada and its Provinces and Territories
3.5.4 Australia, its States and Territories
3.5.5 European Union (EU)
3.5.6 South Africa
3.5.7 New Zealand
3.5.8 Brazil
3.5.9 Indonesia
3.6 Risk Considerations
3.7 References
List of Tables
List of Figures


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4.0 Defining the Problem - Characterization

4.1 Introduction
4.2 Site Characterization Approach
4.2.1 Mine Life Cycle Phases
4.2.2 Sources of Acid Rock Drainage
4.2.3 Conceptual Site Model Development
4.3 Components of Site Characterization
4.3.1 Geo-environmental Models
4.3.2 Source Material Geochemical Characterization
4.3.3 Watershed Characterization
4.3.3.1 The Hydrologic Cycle
4.3.3.2 Water Balance
4.3.3.3 Assimilative Capacity of the Receiving Environment
4.3.3.4 Biological Receptors
4.4 Summary
4.5 References
List of Tables
List of Figures


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5.0 Prediction

5.1 Introduction
Introduction to CMD Prediction
5.2 Objectives of Prediction Program
5.3 The Prediction Approach
5.3.1 Acid Rock Drainage/Metal Leaching Characterization
5.3.2 Prediction during Different Phases of the Mine Life
5.3.3 Water Quality Prediction
5.4 Prediction Tools
5.4.1 Introduction
5.4.2 Geological and Lithological Investigations
5.4.3 Hydrogeological/Hydrological Investigations
5.4.4 Introduction to Geochemical Characterization
5.4.5 Sample Storage and Preparation Prior to Analysis
5.4.6 Summary of Testing Requirements
5.4.7 Physical Characteristics
5.4.8 Total and Near-Total Solid-Phase Elemental Concentration
5.4.9 Mineralogical Properties
5.4.10 Net Acid or ARD Potential
5.4.11 Short-Term Leach Tests
5.4.12 Laboratory Kinetic Tests
5.4.13 Field Methods
5.4.14 Data Management
5.4.15 Quality Assurance/Quality Control
5.4.16 Screening and Evaluation Criteria
5.4.17 Reporting
5.5 Modeling of Acid Rock Drainage, Neutral Mine Drainage, and Saline Drainage for Characterization and Remediation
5.5.1 Introduction
5.5.2 Geochemical Modeling
5.5.3 Hydrological Modeling
5.5.4 Hydrogeological Modeling
5.5.5 Gas Transport Modeling
5.5.6 Statistical Evaluation
5.6 Conclusions
5.7 References
List of Tables
List of Figures

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6.0 Prevention And Mitigation

6.1 Introduction
6.2 Goals and Objectives of Prevention and Mitigation
6.3 Approach to Acid Rock Drainage Prevention and Mitigation
6.4 Drivers of Acid Rock Drainage
6.4.1 Physical Factors
6.4.2 Geochemical Weathering Processes
6.4.3 Climate and Physical Environment
6.5 Phased Approach
6.6 Overview of Best Practice Methods
6.6.1 Avoidance
6.6.2 Re-mining
6.6.3 Special Handling Methods
6.6.4 Additions and Amendment Methods
6.6.5 Water Management Methods
6.6.6 Engineered Barriers
6.6.7 Water Cover Methods
6.6.8 Drained / Sub-Aerial Tailings Deposition Methods
6.7 Selection and Evaluation of Alternatives
6.8 Design and Construction Considerations
6.9 Maintenance and Monitoring Considerations
6.10 References
List of Tables
List of Figures

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7.0 Drainage Treatment

7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Risk-based approach
7.2 Objectives of Mine Drainage Treatment
7.3 Mine Drainage Treatment
7.4 Drainage Sources, Collection and Management
7.5 Mine Drainage Treatment Technologies
7.5.1 Active Treatment Technologies
Aeration systems for treating CMD
7.5.2 Passive Treatment Technologies
History of Passive Treatment
7.5.3 In situ Treatment Technologies
7.6 Treatment Residues and Wastes
7.7 Recovery of Useful Products
7.8 Treatment in the Context of Mine Closure and Post Closure
7.9 Evaluation and Selection of Drainage Treatment Technologies
7.10 Case Studies
7.11 References
List of Tables
List of Figures

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8.0 Monitoring

8.1 Introduction
8.2 Objectives of Monitoring
8.3 The Acid Rock Drainage Monitoring Approach
8.3.1 Conceptual and Dynamic System Model Development
8.3.2 Risk Based Approach to Monitoring Program Development
8.3.3 Monitoring Program Development
8.3.4 Data Management and Interpretation
8.3.5 Auditing
8.4 Monitoring Program Components
8.4.1 Acid Rock Drainage Sources
8.4.2 Pathways
8.4.3 Mitigation Measures
8.4.4 Receptors
8.5 Closure and Long-Term Considerations
8.6 References and Further Reading
List of Tables
List of Figures
List of Photos

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9.0 Acid Rock Drainage Management and Peformance Assessment

9.1 Introduction
9.2 Developing Acid Rock Drainage Management Plans
9.2.1 Sustainability Considerations
9.2.2 Mine Life Cycle Considerations
9.2.3 Acid Rock Drainage Control – a Multidisciplinary Task
9.2.4 ARD Maturity and the Mine-Life Cycle
9.2.5 Design for Closure
9.2.6 Engineering Design Process
9.2.7 Risk Assessment, Management, and Contingency Plans
9.2.8 Monitoring Performance and Assessment of Success
9.3 Implementing the Acid Rock Drainage Management Plan
Mt. Milligan Project Mini Case Study
9.3.1 Integrating Acid Rock Drainage Management into Mine and Process Operations
9.3.2 Management System Roles and Responsibilities
9.4 Long-Term Considerations
9.4.1 Design Horizon
9.4.2 Long-Term Resources
9.4.3 Information/Institutional Knowledge Retention
9.4.4 Changing Standards/Stakeholder Needs and Expectations
9.5 References
List of Tables
List of Figures

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10.0 Acid Rock Drainage Communication and Consulting

10.1 Introduction
10.2 Why Communicate and Consult about Acid Rock Drainage?
10.2.1 Stakeholder Perceptions about Acid Rock Drainage
10.2.2 Benefits of Communication and Consultation about Acid Rock Drainage
General Information on Metal Leaching and Acid Rock Drainage
10.3 Mining Disciplines Involved in Acid Rock Drainage Management and Communication
10.3.1 Integration of Functions
10.4 Planning Communication and Consultation on Acid Rock Drainage
10.4.1 The Focus of Consulting and Communication
10.4.2 Regulatory and Other Requirements for Communication and Consultation
10.4.3 Tailor Objectives of Stakeholder Engagement to the Situation at Hand|]]
10.5 Communication and Consultation about Acid Rock Drainage for each Mining Phase
10.6 Good-Practice Principles and Approaches
10.6.1 Inclusive Engagement
10.6.2 Get in Early
10.6.3 Be Respectful to People and Cultural Norms
10.6.4 Accessible and Transparent Information
10.6.5 Ongoing Feedback and Acknowledgment
10.6.6 Dispute Management and Resolution
10.6.7 The Principles of Risk Communication
10.7 Responsibilities of Regulators
10.8 Guidelines for Acid Rock Drainage Reporting
10.9 References
List of Tables
List of Figures

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11.0 ARD Management in the Future

11.1 Introduction
11.1.1 ARD through the Sustainable Development "Lens"
11.2 ARD Research and Management - Today and Tomorrow
11.2.1 History and Status of ARD Research and Management
11.2.2 The Future of ARD Research and Management
11.3 Stakeholder Roles
References

Top of this page

Appendices

Acronyms
Glossary

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