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==1.0 Chapter 1: The Gard Guide==
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__notoc__
* 1.1 Introduction
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[[Summary|'''Executive Summary''']]
* 1.2 ARD Management - The Business Case
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* 1.3 Scope and Objectives of the GARD Guide
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* 1.4 Relation to other guides
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[[Chapter_1|'''1.0 The Global Acid Rock Drainage Guide''']]
* 1.5 Approach of the GARD Guide
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:[[Chapter_1#1.1 Introduction|1.1 Introduction]]
** 1.5.1 ARD/NMD/SD
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::[[Chapter_1#1.1.1 Acid Rock Drainage|1.1.1 Acid Rock Drainage]]
** 1.5.2 Mine Phase
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:[[Chapter_1#1.2 Acid Rock Drainage Management - The Business Case|1.2 Acid Rock Drainage Management – The Business Case]]
** 1.5.3 Facility
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:[[Chapter_1#1.3 Scope and Objectives of the Global Acid Rock Drainage Guide|1.3 Scope and Objectives of the Global Acid Rock Drainage Guide]]
** 1.5.4 Climate
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::[[Chapter_1#1.3.1 Scope|1.3.1 Scope]]
** 1.5.5 Commodity
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::[[Chapter_1#1.3.2 Objectives|1.3.2 Objectives]]
* 1.6 Sustainability
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:[[Chapter_1#1.4 Relation to Other Guides|1.4 Relation to Other Guides]]
* 1.7 Layout and How to Use
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:[[Chapter_1#1.5 Approach of the Global Acid Rock Drainage Guide|1.5 Approach of the Global Acid Rock Drainage Guide]]
==2.0 Chapter 2: The Ard Process (Rens Verburg)==
+
:[[Chapter_1#1.6 Application to Mine Phase|1.6 Application to Mine Phase]]
* 2.1 Definition of ARD and Key Terms
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:[[Chapter_1#1.7 The Sustainable Development Approach|1.7 The Sustainable Development Approach]]
* 2.2 History and Impacts of ARD
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:[[Chapter_1#1.8 Layout and How to Use the Guide|1.8 Layout and How to Use the Guide]]
* 2.3 Implications of ARD to companies, governments and public
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::[[Chapter_1#1.8.1 Layout|1.8.1 Layout]]
* 2.4 The Acid Generation Process
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::[[Chapter_1#1.8.2 How to Use the Global Acid Rock Drainage Guide|1.8.2 How to Use the Global Acid Rock Drainage Guide]]
** 2.4.1 The Sulphur Cycle and Weathering Products
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:[[Chapter_1#1.9 Chapter References|1.9 Chapter References]]
** 2.4.2 ARD Process & Migration
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:[[Chapter_1#List of Figures|List of Figures]]
* 2.5 Neutral and Saline Mine Drainage
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:[[Chapter_1#List of Appendices|List of Appendices]]
* 2.6 References
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==3.0 Chapter 3: Corporate, Regulatory And Community Framework (John Wates)==
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[[#top|Top of this page]]
* 3.1 Introduction
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* 3.2 GARD- Guide Road Map
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[[Chapter_2|'''2.0 The Acid Rock Drainage Process''']]
* 3.3 Corporate Guidance
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:[[Chapter_2#2.1 Introduction|2.1 Introduction]]
* 3.4 Sustainability Considerations
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:[[Chapter_2#2.2 Acid Rock Drainage, Neutral Mine Drainage, and Saline Drainage|2.2 Acid Rock Drainage, Neutral Mine Drainage, and Saline Drainage]]
* 3.5 Regulatory Guidance
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:[[Chapter_2#2.3 History of Acid Rock Drainage|2.3 History of Acid Rock Drainage]]
** 3.5.1 Global Regulatory Guidance
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:[[Chapter_2#2.4 The Acid Generation Process|2.4 The Acid Generation Process]]
** 3.5.2 Country Regulatory Guidance
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::[[Introduction to Coal Mine Drainage]]
*** 3.5.2.1 Australia
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:::[[Introduction to Coal Mine Drainage#C2.1 Introduction|C2.1 Introduction]]
*** 3.5.2.2 Canada
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:::[[Introduction to Coal Mine Drainage#C2.2. Pyrite in Sedimentary Strata|C2.2. Pyrite in Sedimentary Strata]]
*** 3.5.2.3 Chile
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:::[[Introduction to Coal Mine Drainage#C2.3 Carbonate Minerals in Coal-bearing Strata|C2.3 Carbonate Minerals in Coal-bearing Strata]]
*** 3.5.2.4 China
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:::[[Introduction to Coal Mine Drainage#C2.4. How Geology Affects Coal Mine Drainage Quality|C2.4. How Geology Affects Coal Mine Drainage Quality]]
*** 3.5.2.5 EU
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*** 3.5.2.6 Indonesia
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::[[Chapter_2#2.4.1 Characteristics of Acid Rock Drainage, Neutral Mine Drainage, and Saline Drainage|2.4.1 Characteristics of Acid Rock Drainage, Neutral Mine Drainage, and Saline Drainage]]
*** 3.5.2.7 Peru
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::[[Chapter_2#2.4.2 The Global and Geochemical Sulphur Cycles|2.4.2 The Global and Geochemical Sulphur Cycles]]
*** 3.5.2.8 Russia
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::[[Chapter_2#2.4.3 Acid Rock Drainage Sources|2.4.3 Acid Rock Drainage Sources]]
*** 3.5.2.9 South Africa
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::[[Chapter_2#2.4.4 The Sulphide Oxidation Process|2.4.4 The Sulphide Oxidation Process]]
*** 3.5.2.10 USA
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::[[Chapter_2#2.4.5 Reaction Products from Sulphide Oxidation|2.4.5 Reaction Products from Sulphide Oxidation]]
*** 3.5.2.11 Others
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::[[Chapter_2#2.4.6 Neutralization Reactions|2.4.6 Neutralization Reactions]]
* 3.6 Mine Phase Considerations
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::[[Chapter_2#2.4.7 The Acid Rock Drainage Process and Migration|2.4.7 The Acid Rock Drainage Process and Migration]]
** 3.6.1 Assessment and early prediction
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:[[Chapter_2#2.5 Concluding Statement|2.5 Concluding Statement]]
*** 3.6.1.1 Exploration
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:[[Chapter_2#2.6 References|2.6 References]]
*** 3.6.1.2 Assessment
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:[[Chapter_2#List of Tables|List of Tables]]
** 3.6.2 Monitoring, prevention, treatment and mitigation
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:[[Chapter_2#List of Figures|List of Figures]]
*** 3.6.1.3 Design
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*** 3.6.1.4 Construction
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[[#top|Top of this page]]
*** 3.6.1.5 Operation
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** 3.6.3 Long-term management measures
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[[Chapter_3|'''3.0 Corporate, Regulatory, and Community Framework''']]
*** 3.6.3.6 Closure
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:[[Chapter_3#3.1 Framework for Management of Acid Rock Drainage|3.1 Framework for Management of Acid Rock Drainage]]
*** 3.6.3.7 Post Closure
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:[[Chapter_3#3.2 Corporate Guidance|3.2 Corporate Guidance]]
** 3.7 Neutral and Saline Mine Drainage
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::[[Chapter_3#3.2.1 Newmont|3.2.1 Newmont]]
** 3.8 ARD Guidance FAQ's
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::[[Chapter_3#3.2.2 Rio Tinto|3.2.2 Rio Tinto]]
** 3.9 References
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::[[Chapter_3#3.2.3 Relationship to Other Requirements and Issues|3.2.3 Relationship to Other Requirements and Issues]]
== 4.0 Chapter 4: Defining The Problem – Characterization (Devin Castendyk)==
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:[[Chapter_3#3.3 Sustainability and Community Considerations|3.3 Sustainability and Community Considerations]]
* 4.1 Introduction
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:[[Chapter_3#3.4 Global Regulatory Guidance|3.4 Global Regulatory Guidance]]
* 4.2 Problem Definition Approach and Site Characterization
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:[[Chapter_3#3.5 Country Regulatory Guidance|3.5 Country Regulatory Guidance]]
* 4.2.1 Exploration Phase
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::[[Chapter_3#3.5.1 Commonalities in the Regulatory Regimes|3.5.1 Commonalities in the Regulatory Regimes]]
* 4.2.2 Assessment Phase
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::[[Chapter_3#3.5.2 United States of America and its States|3.5.2 United States of America and its States]]
* 4.2.3 Mine Design Phase
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::[[Chapter_3#3.5.3 Canada and its Provinces and Territories|3.5.3 Canada and its Provinces and Territories]]
* 4.2.4 Construction and Operation Phase
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::[[Chapter_3#3.5.4 Australia, its States and Territories|3.5.4 Australia, its States and Territories]]
* 4.2.5 Closure Phase
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::[[Chapter_3#3.5.5 European Union (EU)|3.5.5 European Union (EU)]]
* 4.2.6 Post Closure Phase
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::[[Chapter_3#3.5.6 South Africa|3.5.6 South Africa]]
* 4.3 Characterization Methods
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::[[Chapter_3#3.5.7 New Zealand|3.5.7 New Zealand]]
* 4.3.1 Sampling
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::[[Chapter_3#3.5.8 Brazil|3.5.8 Brazil]]
* 4.3.2 Geophysical methods
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::[[Chapter_3#3.5.9 Indonesia|3.5.9 Indonesia]]
* 4.3.3 Remote Sensing
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:[[Chapter_3#3.6 Risk Considerations|3.6 Risk Considerations]]
* 4.4 Characterization of Potential Sources of ARD, NMD and SD
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:[[Chapter_3#3.7 References|3.7 References]]
* 4.5 Commodity Specific Considerations
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:[[Chapter_3#List of Tables|List of Tables]]
* 4.6 Approach for Risk Assessment Applied to ARD
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:[[Chapter_3#List of Figures|List of Figures]]
* 4.7 ARD Problem Definition FAQ's
+
 
* 4.8 Chapter Conclusions
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* 4.9 References
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[[#top|Top of this page]]
== 5.0 Chapter 5: Prediction (Kirk Nordstrom)==
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* 5.1 Introduction
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[[Chapter_4|'''4.0 Defining the Problem - Characterization''']]
* 5.2 Objectives of Prediction Program
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:[[Chapter_4#4.1 Introduction|4.1 Introduction]]
* 5.3 The ARD Prediction Approach
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:[[Chapter_4#4.2 Site Characterization Approach|4.2 Site Characterization Approach]]
* 5.4 Relevance of ARD Source
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::[[Chapter_4#4.2.1 Mine Life Cycle Phases|4.2.1 Mine Life Cycle Phases]]
* 5.5 Consideration of ARD Factors
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::[[Chapter_4#4.2.2 Sources of Acid Rock Drainage|4.2.2 Sources of Acid Rock Drainage]]
* 5.6 Climatic Factors
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::[[Chapter_4#4.2.3 Conceptual Site Model Development|4.2.3 Conceptual Site Model Development]]
* 5.7 ARD , Metal Leaching and Sulphate Production
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:[[Chapter_4#4.3 Components of Site Characterization|4.3 Components of Site Characterization]]
* 5.8 Data Needs for Prediction
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::[[Chapter_4#4.3.1 Geo-environmental Models|4.3.1 Geo-environmental Models]]
* 5.9 Prediction Tools
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::[[Chapter_4#4.3.2 Source Material Geochemical Characterization|4.3.2 Source Material Geochemical Characterization]]
* 5.9.1 Geology and Lithological Considerations
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::[[Chapter_4#4.3.3 Watershed Characterization|4.3.3 Watershed Characterization]]
* 5.9.2 Mineralogical Investigations
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:::[[Chapter_4#4.3.3.1 The Hydrologic Cycle|4.3.3.1 The Hydrologic Cycle]]
* 5.9.3 Field Measurements and Assessments
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:::[[Chapter_4#4.3.3.2 Water Balance|4.3.3.2 Water Balance]]
* 5.9.4 Geophysical Investigations
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:::[[Chapter_4#4.3.3.3 Assimilative Capacity of the Receiving Environment|4.3.3.3 Assimilative Capacity of the Receiving Environment]]
* 5.9.5 Hydrogeological/Hydrological Investigations
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:::[[Chapter_4#4.3.3.4 Biological Receptors|4.3.3.4 Biological Receptors]]
* 5.9.6 Overview of Testing Methods
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:[[Chapter_4#4.4 Summary|4.4 Summary]]
* 5.9.6.1 Static Methods
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:[[Chapter_4#4.5 References|4.5 References]]
* 5.9.6.2 Kinetic Methods
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:[[Chapter_4#List of Tables|List of Tables]]
* 5.10 Geochemical Modeling of ARD for Characterization and Remediation
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:[[Chapter_4#List of Figures|List of Figures]]
* 5.11 Relation to ARD Mitigation Methods
+
 
* 5.12 Evaluation Approaches
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* 5.12.1 NMD and Saline Drainage Considerations
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[[#top|Top of this page]]
* 5.12.2 Scale-up Considerations
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* 5.12.3 "Yes/no" Prediction
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[[Chapter_5|'''5.0 Prediction''']]
* 5.12.4 Quantitative ARD Prediction
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__notoc__
* 5.13 Certainty of Prediction
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:[[Chapter_5#5.1 Introduction|5.1 Introduction]]
* 5.14 Usefulness and Limitations of Geochemical Modeling
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::[[Introduction to CMD Prediction]]
* 5.15 ARD Prediction FAQ's
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:[[Chapter_5#5.2 Objectives of Prediction Program|5.2 Objectives of Prediction Program]]
* 5.16 References
+
:[[Chapter_5#5.3 The Prediction Approach|5.3 The Prediction Approach]]
==6.0 Chapter 6: Prevention And Mitigation (Ward Wilson)==
+
::[[Chapter_5#5.3.1 Acid Rock Drainage/Metal Leaching Characterization|5.3.1 Acid Rock Drainage/Metal Leaching Characterization]]
* 6.1 Introduction
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::[[Chapter_5#5.3.2 Prediction during Different Phases of the Mine Life|5.3.2 Prediction during Different Phases of the Mine Life]]
* 6.2 Objectives of Prevention and Mitigation
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::[[Chapter_5#5.3.3 Water Quality Prediction|5.3.3 Water Quality Prediction]]
* 6.3 The ARD Prevention and Mitigation Approach
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:[[Chapter_5b#5.4 Prediction Tools|5.4 Prediction Tools]]
* 6.4 Relevance of ARD Source
+
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.1 Introduction|5.4.1 Introduction]]
* 6.5 Consideration of ARD Factors
+
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.2 Geological and Lithological Investigations|5.4.2 Geological and Lithological Investigations]]
* 6.6 ARD and Metal Leaching and Sulphate Production
+
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.3 Hydrogeological/Hydrological Investigations|5.4.3 Hydrogeological/Hydrological Investigations]]
* 6.7 Climatic and Other Factors
+
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.4 Introduction to Geochemical Characterization|5.4.4 Introduction to Geochemical Characterization]]
* 6.8 Phased Approach
+
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.5 Sample Storage and Preparation Prior to Analysis|5.4.5 Sample Storage and Preparation Prior to Analysis]]
* 6.9 Overview of Methods
+
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.6 Summary of Testing Requirements|5.4.6 Summary of Testing Requirements]]
* 6.9.1 Remining
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::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.7 Physical Characteristics|5.4.7 Physical Characteristics]]
* 6.9.2 Special Handling Methods
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::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.8 Total and Near-Total Solid-Phase Elemental Concentration|5.4.8 Total and Near-Total Solid-Phase Elemental Concentration]]
* 6.9.2.1 Incorporation in Mine Plan
+
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.9 Mineralogical Properties|5.4.9 Mineralogical Properties]]
* 6.9.2.2 Segregation
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::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.10 Net Acid or ARD Potential|5.4.10 Net Acid or ARD Potential]]
* 6.9.2.3 Desulphidization
+
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.11 Short-Term Leach Tests|5.4.11 Short-Term Leach Tests]]
* 6.9.2.4 Compaction and Physical Tailings Conditioning
+
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.12 Laboratory Kinetic Tests|5.4.12 Laboratory Kinetic Tests]]
* 6.9.2.5 Encapsulation and Layering
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::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.13 Field Methods|5.4.13 Field Methods]]
* 6.9.2.6 Blending
+
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.14 Data Management|5.4.14 Data Management]]
* 6.9.2.7 Co-disposal
+
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.15 Quality Assurance/Quality Control|5.4.15 Quality Assurance/Quality Control]]
* 6.9.2.8 Permafrost and Freezing
+
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.16 Screening and Evaluation Criteria|5.4.16 Screening and Evaluation Criteria]]
* 6.9.3 Additions and Amendment Methods
+
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.17 Reporting|5.4.17 Reporting]]
* 6.9.3.1 Passivation
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:[[Chapter_5c#5.5 Modeling of Acid Rock Drainage, Neutral Mine Drainage, and Saline Drainage for Characterization and Remediation|5.5 Modeling of Acid Rock Drainage, Neutral Mine Drainage, and Saline Drainage for Characterization and Remediation]]
* 6.9.3.2 Alkaline materials
+
::[[Chapter_5c#5.5.1 Introduction|5.5.1 Introduction]]
* 6.9.3.3 Organics
+
::[[Chapter_5c#5.5.2 Geochemical Modeling|5.5.2 Geochemical Modeling]]
* 6.9.3.4 Bactericides
+
::[[Chapter_5c#5.5.3 Hydrological Modeling|5.5.3 Hydrological Modeling]]
* 6.9.4 Water Management Methods
+
::[[Chapter_5c#5.5.4 Hydrogeological Modeling|5.5.4 Hydrogeological Modeling]]
* 6.9.4.1 Hydrodynamic controls
+
::[[Chapter_5c#5.5.5 Gas Transport Modeling|5.5.5 Gas Transport Modeling]]
* 6.9.4.2 Dewatering
+
::[[Chapter_5c#5.5.6 Statistical Evaluation|5.5.6 Statistical Evaluation]]
* 6.9.4.3 Diversion
+
:[[Chapter_5c#5.6 Conclusions|5.6 Conclusions]]
* 6.9.4.4 Filling
+
:[[Chapter_5c#5.7 References|5.7 References]]
* 6.9.4.5 Seals
+
:[[Chapter_5c#List of Tables|List of Tables]]
* 6.9.5 Dry Cover Methods
+
:[[Chapter_5c#List of Figures|List of Figures]]
* 6.9.5.1 Organic
+
 
* 6.9.5.2 Soil
+
[[#top|Top of this page]]
* 6.9.5.3 Limestone and Alkaline
+
 
* 6.9.5.4 Synthetic
+
[[Chapter_6|'''6.0 Prevention And Mitigation''']]
* 6.9.5.5 Gas
+
__notoc__
* 6.9.5.6 Vegetation
+
:[[Chapter_6#6.1 Introduction|6.1 Introduction]]
* 6.9.6 Water Cover Methods
+
:[[Chapter_6#6.2 Goals and Objectives of Prevention and Mitigation|6.2 Goals and Objectives of Prevention and Mitigation]]
* 6.9.6.1 Subaqueous
+
:[[Chapter_6#6.3 Approach to Acid Rock Drainage Prevention and Mitigation|6.3 Approach to Acid Rock Drainage Prevention and Mitigation]]
* 6.9.6.2 Partial water cover
+
:[[Chapter_6#6.4 Drivers of Acid Rock Drainage|6.4 Drivers of Acid Rock Drainage]]
* 6.9.6.3 Wetland covers
+
::[[Chapter_6#6.4.1 Physical Factors|6.4.1 Physical Factors]]
* 6.9.7 Impact Mitigation
+
::[[Chapter_6#6.4.2 Geochemical Weathering Processes|6.4.2 Geochemical Weathering Processes]]
* 6.9.7.1 Attenuation
+
::[[Chapter_6#6.4.3 Climate and Physical Environment|6.4.3 Climate and Physical Environment]]
* 6.9.7.2 Dispersion
+
:[[Chapter_6#6.5 Phased Approach|6.5 Phased Approach]]
* 6.9.7.3 Stream Flow Regulation
+
:[[Chapter_6#6.6 Overview of Best Practice Methods|6.6 Overview of Best Practice Methods]]
* 6.9.7.4 Water recycle and reuse
+
::[[Chapter_6#6.6.1 Avoidance|6.6.1 Avoidance]]
* 6.10 Secondary Impacts
+
::[[Chapter_6#6.6.2 Re-mining|6.6.2 Re-mining]]
* 6.11 Evaluation of Alternatives
+
::[[Chapter_6#6.6.3 Special Handling Methods|6.6.3 Special Handling Methods]]
* 6.12 Design and Construction Considerations
+
::[[Chapter_6#6.6.4 Additions and Amendment Methods|6.6.4 Additions and Amendment Methods]]
* 6.13 Maintenance and Monitoring Considerations
+
::[[Chapter_6#6.6.5 Water Management Methods|6.6.5 Water Management Methods]]
* 6.14 Closure and Long-term Considerations
+
::[[Chapter_6#6.6.6 Engineered Barriers|6.6.6 Engineered Barriers]]
* 6.15 ARD Prevention and Mitigation FAQ's
+
::[[Chapter_6#6.6.7 Water Cover Methods|6.6.7 Water Cover Methods]]
* 6.16 References
+
::[[Chapter_6#6.6.8 Drained / Sub-Aerial Tailings Deposition Methods|6.6.8 Drained / Sub-Aerial Tailings Deposition Methods]]
==7.0 Chapter 7: Drainage Treatment (Andre Van Niekerk)==
+
:[[Chapter_6#6.7 Selection and Evaluation of Alternatives|6.7 Selection and Evaluation of Alternatives]]
* 7.1 Introduction
+
:[[Chapter_6#6.8 Design and Construction Considerations|6.8 Design and Construction Considerations]]
* 7.2 Objectives of Drainage Treatment
+
:[[Chapter_6#6.9 Maintenance and Monitoring Considerations|6.9 Maintenance and Monitoring Considerations]]
* 7.3 The ARD Treatment Approach
+
:[[Chapter_6#6.10 References|6.10 References]]
* 7.4 Mine Drainage Collection
+
:[[Chapter_6#List of Tables|List of Tables]]
* 7.5 Mine Drainage Treatment Technologies
+
:[[Chapter_6#List of Figures|List of Figures]]
* 7.5.1 Active Treatment
+
 
* 7.5.2 Passive treatment technologies
+
[[#top|Top of this page]]
* 7.5.3 Treatment residues and wastes
+
 
* 7.6 Recovery of useful products
+
[[Chapter_7|7.0 Drainage Treatment]]
* 7.7 Evaluation and Selection of Drainage Treatment Technologies
+
:[[Chapter_7#7.1 Introduction|7.1 Introduction]]
* 7.8 Frequently asked Questions
+
::[[Chapter_7#7.1.1 Risk-based approach|7.1.1 Risk-based approach]]
* 7.9 References
+
:[[Chapter_7#7.2 Objectives of Mine Drainage Treatment|7.2 Objectives of Mine Drainage Treatment]]
==8.0 Chapter 8: Monitoring (Peter Chapman)==
+
:[[Chapter_7#7.3 Mine Drainage Treatment|7.3 Mine Drainage Treatment]]
* 8.1 Introduction
+
:[[Chapter_7#7.4 Drainage Sources, Collection and Management|7.4 Drainage Sources, Collection and Management]]
* 8.2 Objectives of Monitoring
+
:[[Chapter_7#7.5 Mine Drainage Treatment Technologies|7.5 Mine Drainage Treatment Technologies]]
* 8.3 The ARD Monitoring Approach
+
::[[Chapter_7#7.5.1 Active Treatment Technologies|7.5.1 Active Treatment Technologies]]
* 8.3.1 Risk Based Framework
+
:::[[Aeration systems for treating CMD]]
* 8.3.2 Monitoring Components
+
::[[Chapter_7#7.5.2 Passive Treatment Technologies|7.5.2 Passive Treatment Technologies]]
* 8.4 Problem Formulation
+
:::[[History of Passive Treatment]]
* 8.4.1 Site Definition
+
::[[Chapter_7#7.5.3 In situ Treatment Technologies|7.5.3 In situ Treatment Technologies]]
* 8.4.2 Contaminants of Potential Concern (COPCs)
+
:[[Chapter_7#7.6 Treatment Residues and Wastes|7.6 Treatment Residues and Wastes]]
* 8.4.3 Receptors of Potential Concern (ROPCs)
+
:[[Chapter_7#7.7 Recovery of Useful Products|7.7 Recovery of Useful Products]]
* 8.4.4 Assessment and Measurement Endpoints
+
:[[Chapter_7#7.8 Treatment in the Context of Mine Closure and Post Closure|7.8 Treatment in the Context of Mine Closure and Post Closure]]
* 8.4.5 Reference Areas/Locations
+
:[[Chapter_7#7.9 Evaluation and Selection of Drainage Treatment Technologies|7.9 Evaluation and Selection of Drainage Treatment Technologies]]
* 8.4.6 Conceptual Site Model (CSM)
+
:[[Chapter_7#7.10 Case Studies|7.10 Case Studies]]
* 8.4.7 Risk Hypotheses
+
:[[Chapter_7#7.11 References|7.11 References]]
* 8.4.8 Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP)
+
:[[Chapter_7#List of Tables|List of Tables]]
* 8.5 Overview of Monitoring Approaches
+
:[[Chapter_7#List of Figures|List of Figures]]
* 8.5.1 Implementation Considerations
+
 
* 8.5.1.1 Health and Safety
+
[[#top|Top of this page]]
* 8.5.1.2 Freshwater, Estuarine and Saline Receiving Environments
+
 
* 8.5.1.3 Source/Near- / Far-Field Monitoring
+
[[Chapter_8|8.0 Monitoring]]
* 8.5.2 Discharge monitoring
+
:[[Chapter_8#8.1 Introduction|8.1 Introduction]]
* 8.5.3 Reference Comparisons
+
:[[Chapter_8#8.2 Objectives of Monitoring|8.2 Objectives of Monitoring]]
* 8.5.3.1 Upstream-Downstream
+
:[[Chapter_8#8.3 The Acid Rock Drainage Monitoring Approach|8.3 The Acid Rock Drainage Monitoring Approach]]
* 8.5.3.2 Gradient Monitoring Design
+
::[[Chapter_8#8.3.1 Conceptual and Dynamic System Model Development|8.3.1 Conceptual and Dynamic System Model Development]]
* 8.5.3.3 Reference Condition Design
+
::[[Chapter_8#8.3.2 Risk Based Approach to Monitoring Program Development|8.3.2 Risk Based Approach to Monitoring Program Development]]
* 8.5.4 Exposure Assessment
+
::[[Chapter_8#8.3.3 Monitoring Program Development|8.3.3 Monitoring Program Development]]
* 8.5.4.1 Data Collection
+
::[[Chapter_8#8.3.4 Data Management and Interpretation|8.3.4 Data Management and Interpretation]]
* 8.5.4.2 Comparison to Chemical Guidelines
+
::[[Chapter_8#8.3.5 Auditing|8.3.5 Auditing]]
* 8.5.4.3 Mercury Biomagnification
+
:[[Chapter_8#8.4 Monitoring Program Components|8.4 Monitoring Program Components]]
* 8.5.4.4 Environmental Fate
+
::[[Chapter_8#8.4.1 Acid Rock Drainage Sources|8.4.1 Acid Rock Drainage Sources]]
* 8.5.5 Effects Assessment
+
::[[Chapter_8#8.4.2 Pathways|8.4.2 Pathways]]
* 8.5.5.1 Bioavailability
+
::[[Chapter_8#8.4.3 Mitigation Measures|8.4.3 Mitigation Measures]]
* 8.5.5.2 Toxicity Testing
+
::[[Chapter_8#8.4.4 Receptors|8.4.4 Receptors]]
* 8.5.5.3 Resident Community Structure Alteration
+
:[[Chapter_8#8.5 Closure and Long-Term Considerations|8.5 Closure and Long-Term Considerations]]
* 8.5.5.4 Investigation of Causation
+
:[[Chapter_8#8.6 References and Further Reading|8.6 References and Further Reading]]
* 8.5.5.5 The Value of Integrated Assessments
+
:[[Chapter_8#List of Tables|List of Tables]]
* 8.5.6 Risk Characterisation
+
:[[Chapter_8#List of Figures|List of Figures]]
* 8.5.7 Uncertainty
+
:[[Chapter_8#List of Photos|List of Photos]]
* 8.5.8 Monitoring and Management
+
 
* 8.6 Monitoring Specifics
+
[[#top|Top of this page]]
* 8.6.1 Sampling
+
 
* 8.6.2 Analysis
+
[[Chapter_9|9.0 Acid Rock Drainage Management and Peformance Assessment]]
* 8.6.3 QAQC Considerations
+
:[[Chapter_9#9.1 Introduction|9.1 Introduction]]
* 8.6.3.1 Data Generation and Acquisition
+
:[[Chapter_9#9.2 Developing Acid Rock Drainage Management Plans|9.2 Developing Acid Rock Drainage Management Plans]]
* 8.6.3.2 Data Management
+
::[[Chapter_9#9.2.1 Sustainability Considerations|9.2.1 Sustainability Considerations]]
* 8.6.3.3 Data Verification, Validation and Usability
+
::[[Chapter_9#9.2.2 Mine Life Cycle Considerations|9.2.2 Mine Life Cycle Considerations]]
* 8.6.3.4 Performance Assessment and Oversight
+
::[[Chapter_9#9.2.3 Acid Rock Drainage Control – a Multidisciplinary Task|9.2.3 Acid Rock Drainage Control – a Multidisciplinary Task]]
* 8.7 ARD Monitoring FAQ's
+
::[[Chapter_9#9.2.4 ARD Maturity and the Mine-Life Cycle|9.2.4 ARD Maturity and the Mine-Life Cycle]]
* 8.8 References
+
::[[Chapter_9#9.2.5 Design for Closure|9.2.5 Design for Closure]]
== 9.0 Chapter 9: Management And Performance Assessment (Karen Clarke-Whistler/Andy Robertson)==
+
::[[Chapter_9#9.2.6 Engineering Design Process|9.2.6 Engineering Design Process]]
* 9.1
+
::[[Chapter_9#9.2.7 Risk Assessment, Management, and Contingency Plans|9.2.7 Risk Assessment, Management, and Contingency Plans]]
* 9.1.1 Management
+
::[[Chapter_9#9.2.8 Monitoring Performance and Assessment of Success|9.2.8 Monitoring Performance and Assessment of Success]]
* 9.1.2 Performance Assessment (PA)
+
:[[Chapter_9#9.3 Implementing the Acid Rock Drainage Management Plan|9.3 Implementing the Acid Rock Drainage Management Plan]]
* 9.2 Designing for Closure
+
::[[Mt._Milligan_Project|Mt. Milligan Project Mini Case Study]]
* 9.3 Disciplines, Knowledge and Experience Requirements
+
::[[Chapter_9#9.3.1 Integrating Acid Rock Drainage Management into Mine and Process Operations|9.3.1 Integrating Acid Rock Drainage Management into Mine and Process Operations]]
* 9.4 Developing an ARD Management Plan (MP)
+
::[[Chapter_9#9.3.2 Management System Roles and Responsibilities|9.3.2 Management System Roles and Responsibilities]]
* 9.4.1 Defining the Problem
+
:[[Chapter_9#9.4 Long-Term Considerations|9.4 Long-Term Considerations]]
* 9.4.2 ARD, NMD and Saline Drainage
+
::[[Chapter_9#9.4.1 Design Horizon|9.4.1 Design Horizon]]
* 9.4.3 Gathering Data and Information
+
::[[Chapter_9#9.4.2 Long-Term Resources|9.4.2 Long-Term Resources]]
* 9.4.4 Generating Multiple Solutions
+
::[[Chapter_9#9.4.3 Information/Institutional Knowledge Retention|9.4.3 Information/Institutional Knowledge Retention]]
* 9.4.5 Analyzing and Selecting a Solution
+
::[[Chapter_9#9.4.4 Changing Standards/Stakeholder Needs and Expectations|9.4.4 Changing Standards/Stakeholder Needs and Expectations]]
* 9.4.5.1 Modelling and Assessment
+
:[[Chapter_9#9.5 References|9.5 References]]
* 9.4.5.2 Selecting a Solution
+
:[[Chapter_9#List of Tables|List of Tables]]
* 9.4.6 Testing the Solution
+
:[[Chapter_9#List of Figures|List of Figures]]
* 9.4.6.1 Testing Assumptions and Designs
+
 
* 9.4.6.2 Risk Assessment and Management
+
[[#top|Top of this page]]
* 9.4.7 Assembling the ARD Management Plan
+
 
* 9.5 Implementing the ARD Management Plan
+
[[Chapter_10|10.0 Acid Rock Drainage Communication and Consulting]]
* 9.5.1 Mine Planning and Design
+
:[[Chapter_10#10.1 Introduction|10.1 Introduction]]
* 9.5.2 Construction
+
:[[Chapter_10#10.2 Why Communicate and Consult about Acid Rock Drainage?| 10.2 Why Communicate and Consult about Acid Rock Drainage?]]
* 9.5.3 Operations
+
::[[Chapter_10#10.2.1 Stakeholder Perceptions about Acid Rock Drainage|10.2.1 Stakeholder Perceptions about Acid Rock Drainage]]
* 9.5.4 Monitoring Performance
+
::[[Chapter_10#10.2.2 Benefits of Communication and Consultation about Acid Rock Drainage|10.2.2 Benefits of Communication and Consultation about Acid Rock Drainage]]
* 9.5.5 Adjusting and Modifying the Plan
+
:::[[General_Information_on_Metal_Leaching_and_Acid_Rock_Drainage|General Information on Metal Leaching and Acid Rock Drainage]]
* 9.5.5.1 Data Retention
+
:[[Chapter_10#10.3 Mining Disciplines Involved in Acid Rock Drainage Management and Communication|10.3 Mining Disciplines Involved in Acid Rock Drainage Management and Communication]]
* 9.5.5.2 Closure Considerations
+
::[[Chapter_10#10.3.1 Integration of Functions|10.3.1 Integration of Functions]]
* 9.5.5.3 ARD Management FAQ's
+
:[[Chapter_10#10.4 Planning Communication and Consultation on Acid Rock Drainage|10.4 Planning Communication and Consultation on Acid Rock Drainage]]
* 9.5.5.4 References
+
::[[Chapter_10#10.4.1 The Focus of Consulting and Communication|10.4.1 The Focus of Consulting and Communication]]
==10.0 Chapter 10: Ard Communication And Consultation (Tisha Greyling)==
+
::[[Chapter_10#10.4.2 Regulatory and Other Requirements for Communication and Consultation|10.4.2 Regulatory and Other Requirements for Communication and Consultation]]
* 10.1 Introduction
+
::[[Chapter_10#10.4.3 Tailor Objectives of Stakeholder Engagement to the Situation at Hand|10.4.3 Tailor Objectives of Stakeholder Engagement to the Situation at Hand|]]]]
* 10.2 The Business Case For Stakeholder Engagement
+
:[[Chapter_10#10.5 Communication and Consultation about Acid Rock Drainage for each Mining Phase|10.5 Communication and Consultation about Acid Rock Drainage for each Mining Phase]]
* 10.2.1 Corporate social risk and consequences
+
:[[Chapter_10#10.6 Good-Practice Principles and Approaches|10.6 Good-Practice Principles and Approaches]]
* 10.2.2 Benefits of good stakeholder engagement
+
::[[Chapter_10#10.6.1 Inclusive Engagement|10.6.1 Inclusive Engagement]]
* 10.2.3 The role of regulatory and other requirements
+
::[[Chapter_10#10.6.2 Get in Early|10.6.2 Get in Early]]
* 10.2.4 In-country laws
+
::[[Chapter_10#10.6.3 Be Respectful to People and Cultural Norms|10.6.3 Be Respectful to People and Cultural Norms]]
* 10.2.5 International conventions, guidelines and standards
+
::[[Chapter_10#10.6.4 Accessible and Transparent Information|10.6.4 Accessible and Transparent Information]]
* 10.2.6 Lenders’ requirements
+
::[[Chapter_10#10.6.5 Ongoing Feedback and Acknowledgment|10.6.5 Ongoing Feedback and Acknowledgment]]
* 10.3 Objectives Of Stakeholder Engagement
+
::[[Chapter_10#10.6.6 Dispute Management and Resolution|10.6.6 Dispute Management and Resolution]]
* 10.4 Good-Practice Principles And Approaches
+
::[[Chapter_10#10.6.7 The Principles of Risk Communication|10.6.7 The Principles of Risk Communication]]
* 10.4.1 Key principles and approaches
+
:[[Chapter_10#10.7 Responsibilities of Regulators|10.7 Responsibilities of Regulators]]
* 10.4.2 Identify stakeholders
+
:[[Chapter_10#10.8 Guidelines for Acid Rock Drainage Reporting|10.8 Guidelines for Acid Rock Drainage Reporting]]
* 10.4.3 Other principles
+
:[[Chapter_10#10.9 References|10.9 References]]
* 10.5 Effective Engagement
+
:[[Chapter_10#List of Tables|List of Tables]]
* 10.5.1 Within Companies
+
:[[Chapter_10#List of Figures|List of Figures]]
* 10.5.2 With Regulators
+
 
* 10.5.3 With Communities
+
[[#top|Top of this page]]
* 10.5.4 With other stakeholders
+
 
* 10.5.5 Communication and Consultation by Regulators and Communities
+
[[Chapter_11|11.0 ARD Management in the Future]]
* 10.6 Stakeholder Engagement For Each Mining Phase
+
:[[Chapter_11#11.1 Introduction|11.1 Introduction]]
* 10.6.1 Exploration
+
::[[Chapter_11#11.1.1 ARD through the Sustainable Development "Lens"|11.1.1 ARD through the Sustainable Development "Lens"]]
* 10.6.2 Assessment
+
:[[Chapter_11#11.2 ARD Research and Management - Today and Tomorrow|11.2 ARD Research and Management - Today and Tomorrow]]
* 10.6.3 Design
+
::[[Chapter_11#11.2.1 History and Status of ARD Research and Management|11.2.1 History and Status of ARD Research and Management]]
* 10.6.4 Construction
+
::[[Chapter_11#11.2.2 The Future of ARD Research and Management|11.2.2 The Future of ARD Research and Management]]
* 10.6.5 Operation
+
:[[Chapter_11#11.3 Stakeholder Roles|11.3 Stakeholder Roles]]
* 10.6.6 Closure and post-closure
+
:[[Chapter_11# References| References]]
* 10.7 Time, Resources and Costs
+
 
* 10.8 Roles And Responsibilities
+
[[#top|Top of this page]]
* 10.8.1 The mining company
+
 
* 10.8.2 Government
+
== [[GuideAppendices|Appendices]] ==
* 10.8.3 Stakeholders
+
: [[Acronyms|Acronyms]]
* 10.9 Evaluation and Reporting
+
: [[Glossary|Glossary]]
* 10.9.1 Record-keeping
+
<!-- : Units and Conversion Factors
* 10.9.2 Evaluation
+
: General Further Reading
* 10.9.3 Reporting to neighbours and in-country stakeholders
+
: Case Studies Listing
* 10.9.4 Reporting internationally
+
: ARD Consultant Terms of Reference -->
* 10.10 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
+
 
* 10.11 References
+
[[#top|Top of this page]]
==11.0 Chapter 11: ARD Management & Sustainability Framework (Beth Beloff)==
+
 
* 11.1 Introduction (brief, ~1/2 page)
+
 
* 11.2 Developing Industry, Regulatory and Community Approaches
+
<div style="text-align:center">'''[[Public_Comment|Click Here to Leave a Comment]]'''</div>
* 11.3 Ongoing Research
 
* 11.4 Conferences and Training
 
* 11.5 ARD Technology FAQ's
 
* 12.0 REFERENCES
 

Latest revision as of 21:01, 22 July 2014

Executive Summary


1.0 The Global Acid Rock Drainage Guide

1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Acid Rock Drainage
1.2 Acid Rock Drainage Management – The Business Case
1.3 Scope and Objectives of the Global Acid Rock Drainage Guide
1.3.1 Scope
1.3.2 Objectives
1.4 Relation to Other Guides
1.5 Approach of the Global Acid Rock Drainage Guide
1.6 Application to Mine Phase
1.7 The Sustainable Development Approach
1.8 Layout and How to Use the Guide
1.8.1 Layout
1.8.2 How to Use the Global Acid Rock Drainage Guide
1.9 Chapter References
List of Figures
List of Appendices

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2.0 The Acid Rock Drainage Process

2.1 Introduction
2.2 Acid Rock Drainage, Neutral Mine Drainage, and Saline Drainage
2.3 History of Acid Rock Drainage
2.4 The Acid Generation Process
Introduction to Coal Mine Drainage
C2.1 Introduction
C2.2. Pyrite in Sedimentary Strata
C2.3 Carbonate Minerals in Coal-bearing Strata
C2.4. How Geology Affects Coal Mine Drainage Quality
2.4.1 Characteristics of Acid Rock Drainage, Neutral Mine Drainage, and Saline Drainage
2.4.2 The Global and Geochemical Sulphur Cycles
2.4.3 Acid Rock Drainage Sources
2.4.4 The Sulphide Oxidation Process
2.4.5 Reaction Products from Sulphide Oxidation
2.4.6 Neutralization Reactions
2.4.7 The Acid Rock Drainage Process and Migration
2.5 Concluding Statement
2.6 References
List of Tables
List of Figures

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3.0 Corporate, Regulatory, and Community Framework

3.1 Framework for Management of Acid Rock Drainage
3.2 Corporate Guidance
3.2.1 Newmont
3.2.2 Rio Tinto
3.2.3 Relationship to Other Requirements and Issues
3.3 Sustainability and Community Considerations
3.4 Global Regulatory Guidance
3.5 Country Regulatory Guidance
3.5.1 Commonalities in the Regulatory Regimes
3.5.2 United States of America and its States
3.5.3 Canada and its Provinces and Territories
3.5.4 Australia, its States and Territories
3.5.5 European Union (EU)
3.5.6 South Africa
3.5.7 New Zealand
3.5.8 Brazil
3.5.9 Indonesia
3.6 Risk Considerations
3.7 References
List of Tables
List of Figures


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4.0 Defining the Problem - Characterization

4.1 Introduction
4.2 Site Characterization Approach
4.2.1 Mine Life Cycle Phases
4.2.2 Sources of Acid Rock Drainage
4.2.3 Conceptual Site Model Development
4.3 Components of Site Characterization
4.3.1 Geo-environmental Models
4.3.2 Source Material Geochemical Characterization
4.3.3 Watershed Characterization
4.3.3.1 The Hydrologic Cycle
4.3.3.2 Water Balance
4.3.3.3 Assimilative Capacity of the Receiving Environment
4.3.3.4 Biological Receptors
4.4 Summary
4.5 References
List of Tables
List of Figures


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5.0 Prediction

5.1 Introduction
Introduction to CMD Prediction
5.2 Objectives of Prediction Program
5.3 The Prediction Approach
5.3.1 Acid Rock Drainage/Metal Leaching Characterization
5.3.2 Prediction during Different Phases of the Mine Life
5.3.3 Water Quality Prediction
5.4 Prediction Tools
5.4.1 Introduction
5.4.2 Geological and Lithological Investigations
5.4.3 Hydrogeological/Hydrological Investigations
5.4.4 Introduction to Geochemical Characterization
5.4.5 Sample Storage and Preparation Prior to Analysis
5.4.6 Summary of Testing Requirements
5.4.7 Physical Characteristics
5.4.8 Total and Near-Total Solid-Phase Elemental Concentration
5.4.9 Mineralogical Properties
5.4.10 Net Acid or ARD Potential
5.4.11 Short-Term Leach Tests
5.4.12 Laboratory Kinetic Tests
5.4.13 Field Methods
5.4.14 Data Management
5.4.15 Quality Assurance/Quality Control
5.4.16 Screening and Evaluation Criteria
5.4.17 Reporting
5.5 Modeling of Acid Rock Drainage, Neutral Mine Drainage, and Saline Drainage for Characterization and Remediation
5.5.1 Introduction
5.5.2 Geochemical Modeling
5.5.3 Hydrological Modeling
5.5.4 Hydrogeological Modeling
5.5.5 Gas Transport Modeling
5.5.6 Statistical Evaluation
5.6 Conclusions
5.7 References
List of Tables
List of Figures

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6.0 Prevention And Mitigation

6.1 Introduction
6.2 Goals and Objectives of Prevention and Mitigation
6.3 Approach to Acid Rock Drainage Prevention and Mitigation
6.4 Drivers of Acid Rock Drainage
6.4.1 Physical Factors
6.4.2 Geochemical Weathering Processes
6.4.3 Climate and Physical Environment
6.5 Phased Approach
6.6 Overview of Best Practice Methods
6.6.1 Avoidance
6.6.2 Re-mining
6.6.3 Special Handling Methods
6.6.4 Additions and Amendment Methods
6.6.5 Water Management Methods
6.6.6 Engineered Barriers
6.6.7 Water Cover Methods
6.6.8 Drained / Sub-Aerial Tailings Deposition Methods
6.7 Selection and Evaluation of Alternatives
6.8 Design and Construction Considerations
6.9 Maintenance and Monitoring Considerations
6.10 References
List of Tables
List of Figures

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7.0 Drainage Treatment

7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Risk-based approach
7.2 Objectives of Mine Drainage Treatment
7.3 Mine Drainage Treatment
7.4 Drainage Sources, Collection and Management
7.5 Mine Drainage Treatment Technologies
7.5.1 Active Treatment Technologies
Aeration systems for treating CMD
7.5.2 Passive Treatment Technologies
History of Passive Treatment
7.5.3 In situ Treatment Technologies
7.6 Treatment Residues and Wastes
7.7 Recovery of Useful Products
7.8 Treatment in the Context of Mine Closure and Post Closure
7.9 Evaluation and Selection of Drainage Treatment Technologies
7.10 Case Studies
7.11 References
List of Tables
List of Figures

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8.0 Monitoring

8.1 Introduction
8.2 Objectives of Monitoring
8.3 The Acid Rock Drainage Monitoring Approach
8.3.1 Conceptual and Dynamic System Model Development
8.3.2 Risk Based Approach to Monitoring Program Development
8.3.3 Monitoring Program Development
8.3.4 Data Management and Interpretation
8.3.5 Auditing
8.4 Monitoring Program Components
8.4.1 Acid Rock Drainage Sources
8.4.2 Pathways
8.4.3 Mitigation Measures
8.4.4 Receptors
8.5 Closure and Long-Term Considerations
8.6 References and Further Reading
List of Tables
List of Figures
List of Photos

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9.0 Acid Rock Drainage Management and Peformance Assessment

9.1 Introduction
9.2 Developing Acid Rock Drainage Management Plans
9.2.1 Sustainability Considerations
9.2.2 Mine Life Cycle Considerations
9.2.3 Acid Rock Drainage Control – a Multidisciplinary Task
9.2.4 ARD Maturity and the Mine-Life Cycle
9.2.5 Design for Closure
9.2.6 Engineering Design Process
9.2.7 Risk Assessment, Management, and Contingency Plans
9.2.8 Monitoring Performance and Assessment of Success
9.3 Implementing the Acid Rock Drainage Management Plan
Mt. Milligan Project Mini Case Study
9.3.1 Integrating Acid Rock Drainage Management into Mine and Process Operations
9.3.2 Management System Roles and Responsibilities
9.4 Long-Term Considerations
9.4.1 Design Horizon
9.4.2 Long-Term Resources
9.4.3 Information/Institutional Knowledge Retention
9.4.4 Changing Standards/Stakeholder Needs and Expectations
9.5 References
List of Tables
List of Figures

Top of this page

10.0 Acid Rock Drainage Communication and Consulting

10.1 Introduction
10.2 Why Communicate and Consult about Acid Rock Drainage?
10.2.1 Stakeholder Perceptions about Acid Rock Drainage
10.2.2 Benefits of Communication and Consultation about Acid Rock Drainage
General Information on Metal Leaching and Acid Rock Drainage
10.3 Mining Disciplines Involved in Acid Rock Drainage Management and Communication
10.3.1 Integration of Functions
10.4 Planning Communication and Consultation on Acid Rock Drainage
10.4.1 The Focus of Consulting and Communication
10.4.2 Regulatory and Other Requirements for Communication and Consultation
10.4.3 Tailor Objectives of Stakeholder Engagement to the Situation at Hand|]]
10.5 Communication and Consultation about Acid Rock Drainage for each Mining Phase
10.6 Good-Practice Principles and Approaches
10.6.1 Inclusive Engagement
10.6.2 Get in Early
10.6.3 Be Respectful to People and Cultural Norms
10.6.4 Accessible and Transparent Information
10.6.5 Ongoing Feedback and Acknowledgment
10.6.6 Dispute Management and Resolution
10.6.7 The Principles of Risk Communication
10.7 Responsibilities of Regulators
10.8 Guidelines for Acid Rock Drainage Reporting
10.9 References
List of Tables
List of Figures

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11.0 ARD Management in the Future

11.1 Introduction
11.1.1 ARD through the Sustainable Development "Lens"
11.2 ARD Research and Management - Today and Tomorrow
11.2.1 History and Status of ARD Research and Management
11.2.2 The Future of ARD Research and Management
11.3 Stakeholder Roles
References

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Appendices

Acronyms
Glossary

Top of this page