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From GARDGuide
Revision as of 21:26, 22 October 2007 by WikiSysop (talk | contribs) (8.0 Chapter 8: Monitoring (Peter Chapman))

1.0 Chapter 1: The Gard Guide

  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 ARD Management - The Business Case
  • 1.3 Scope and Objectives of the GARD Guide
  • 1.4 Relation to other guides
  • 1.5 Approach of the GARD Guide
    • 1.5.1 ARD/NMD/SD
    • 1.5.2 Mine Phase
    • 1.5.3 Facility
    • 1.5.4 Climate
    • 1.5.5 Commodity
  • 1.6 Sustainability
  • 1.7 Layout and How to Use

2.0 Chapter 2: The Ard Process (Rens Verburg)

  • 2.1 Definition of ARD and Key Terms
  • 2.2 History and Impacts of ARD
  • 2.3 Implications of ARD to companies, governments and public
  • 2.4 The Acid Generation Process
    • 2.4.1 The Sulphur Cycle and Weathering Products
    • 2.4.2 ARD Process & Migration
  • 2.5 Neutral and Saline Mine Drainage
  • 2.6 References

3.0 Chapter 3: Corporate, Regulatory And Community Framework (John Wates)

  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 GARD- Guide Road Map
  • 3.3 Corporate Guidance
  • 3.4 Sustainability Considerations
  • 3.5 Regulatory Guidance
    • 3.5.1 Global Regulatory Guidance
    • 3.5.2 Country Regulatory Guidance
      • 3.5.2.1 Australia
      • 3.5.2.2 Canada
      • 3.5.2.3 Chile
      • 3.5.2.4 China
      • 3.5.2.5 EU
      • 3.5.2.6 Indonesia
      • 3.5.2.7 Peru
      • 3.5.2.8 Russia
      • 3.5.2.9 South Africa
      • 3.5.2.10 USA
      • 3.5.2.11 Others
  • 3.6 Mine Phase Considerations
    • 3.6.1 Assessment and early prediction
      • 3.6.1.1 Exploration
      • 3.6.1.2 Assessment
    • 3.6.2 Monitoring, prevention, treatment and mitigation
      • 3.6.1.3 Design
      • 3.6.1.4 Construction
      • 3.6.1.5 Operation
    • 3.6.3 Long-term management measures
      • 3.6.3.6 Closure
      • 3.6.3.7 Post Closure
    • 3.7 Neutral and Saline Mine Drainage
    • 3.8 ARD Guidance FAQ's
    • 3.9 References

4.0 Chapter 4: Defining The Problem – Characterization (Devin Castendyk)

  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Problem Definition Approach and Site Characterization
    • 4.2.1 Exploration Phase
    • 4.2.2 Assessment Phase
    • 4.2.3 Mine Design Phase
    • 4.2.4 Construction and Operation Phase
    • 4.2.5 Closure Phase
    • 4.2.6 Post Closure Phase
  • 4.3 Characterization Methods
    • 4.3.1 Sampling
    • 4.3.2 Geophysical methods
    • 4.3.3 Remote Sensing
  • 4.4 Characterization of Potential Sources of ARD, NMD and SD
  • 4.5 Commodity Specific Considerations
  • 4.6 Approach for Risk Assessment Applied to ARD
  • 4.7 ARD Problem Definition FAQ's
  • 4.8 Chapter Conclusions
  • 4.9 References

5.0 Chapter 5: Prediction (Kirk Nordstrom)

  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Objectives of Prediction Program
  • 5.3 The ARD Prediction Approach
  • 5.4 Relevance of ARD Source
  • 5.5 Consideration of ARD Factors
  • 5.6 Climatic Factors
  • 5.7 ARD , Metal Leaching and Sulphate Production
  • 5.8 Data Needs for Prediction
  • 5.9 Prediction Tools
    • 5.9.1 Geology and Lithological Considerations
    • 5.9.2 Mineralogical Investigations
    • 5.9.3 Field Measurements and Assessments
    • 5.9.4 Geophysical Investigations
    • 5.9.5 Hydrogeological/Hydrological Investigations
    • 5.9.6 Overview of Testing Methods
      • 5.9.6.1 Static Methods
      • 5.9.6.2 Kinetic Methods
  • 5.10 Geochemical Modeling of ARD for Characterization and Remediation
  • 5.11 Relation to ARD Mitigation Methods
  • 5.12 Evaluation Approaches
    • 5.12.1 NMD and Saline Drainage Considerations
    • 5.12.2 Scale-up Considerations
    • 5.12.3 "Yes/no" Prediction
    • 5.12.4 Quantitative ARD Prediction
  • 5.13 Certainty of Prediction
  • 5.14 Usefulness and Limitations of Geochemical Modeling
  • 5.15 ARD Prediction FAQ's
  • 5.16 References

6.0 Chapter 6: Prevention And Mitigation (Ward Wilson)

  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 Objectives of Prevention and Mitigation
  • 6.3 The ARD Prevention and Mitigation Approach
  • 6.4 Relevance of ARD Source
  • 6.5 Consideration of ARD Factors
  • 6.6 ARD and Metal Leaching and Sulphate Production
  • 6.7 Climatic and Other Factors
  • 6.8 Phased Approach
  • 6.9 Overview of Methods
    • 6.9.1 Remining
    • 6.9.2 Special Handling Methods
      • 6.9.2.1 Incorporation in Mine Plan
      • 6.9.2.2 Segregation
      • 6.9.2.3 Desulphidization
      • 6.9.2.4 Compaction and Physical Tailings Conditioning
      • 6.9.2.5 Encapsulation and Layering
      • 6.9.2.6 Blending
      • 6.9.2.7 Co-disposal
      • 6.9.2.8 Permafrost and Freezing
    • 6.9.3 Additions and Amendment Methods
      • 6.9.3.1 Passivation
      • 6.9.3.2 Alkaline materials
      • 6.9.3.3 Organics
      • 6.9.3.4 Bactericides
    • 6.9.4 Water Management Methods
      • 6.9.4.1 Hydrodynamic controls
      • 6.9.4.2 Dewatering
      • 6.9.4.3 Diversion
      • 6.9.4.4 Filling
      • 6.9.4.5 Seals
    • 6.9.5 Dry Cover Methods
      • 6.9.5.1 Organic
      • 6.9.5.2 Soil
      • 6.9.5.3 Limestone and Alkaline
      • 6.9.5.4 Synthetic
      • 6.9.5.5 Gas
      • 6.9.5.6 Vegetation
    • 6.9.6 Water Cover Methods
      • 6.9.6.1 Subaqueous
      • 6.9.6.2 Partial water cover
      • 6.9.6.3 Wetland covers
    • 6.9.7 Impact Mitigation
      • 6.9.7.1 Attenuation
      • 6.9.7.2 Dispersion
      • 6.9.7.3 Stream Flow Regulation
      • 6.9.7.4 Water recycle and reuse
  • 6.10 Secondary Impacts
  • 6.11 Evaluation of Alternatives
  • 6.12 Design and Construction Considerations
  • 6.13 Maintenance and Monitoring Considerations
  • 6.14 Closure and Long-term Considerations
  • 6.15 ARD Prevention and Mitigation FAQ's
  • 6.16 References

7.0 Chapter 7: Drainage Treatment (Andre Van Niekerk)

  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.2 Objectives of Drainage Treatment
  • 7.3 The ARD Treatment Approach
  • 7.4 Mine Drainage Collection
  • 7.5 Mine Drainage Treatment Technologies
    • 7.5.1 Active Treatment
    • 7.5.2 Passive treatment technologies
    • 7.5.3 Treatment residues and wastes
  • 7.6 Recovery of useful products
  • 7.7 Evaluation and Selection of Drainage Treatment Technologies
  • 7.8 Frequently asked Questions
  • 7.9 References

8.0 Chapter 8: Monitoring (Peter Chapman)

  • 8.1 Introduction
  • 8.2 Objectives of Monitoring
  • 8.3 The ARD Monitoring Approach
    • 8.3.1 Risk Based Framework
    • 8.3.2 Monitoring Components
  • 8.4 Problem Formulation
    • 8.4.1 Site Definition
    • 8.4.2 Contaminants of Potential Concern (COPCs)
    • 8.4.3 Receptors of Potential Concern (ROPCs)
    • 8.4.4 Assessment and Measurement Endpoints
    • 8.4.5 Reference Areas/Locations
    • 8.4.6 Conceptual Site Model (CSM)
    • 8.4.7 Risk Hypotheses
    • 8.4.8 Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP)
  • 8.5 Overview of Monitoring Approaches
    • 8.5.1 Implementation Considerations
      • 8.5.1.1 Health and Safety
      • 8.5.1.2 Freshwater, Estuarine and Saline Receiving Environments
      • 8.5.1.3 Source/Near- / Far-Field Monitoring
    • 8.5.2 Discharge monitoring
    • 8.5.3 Reference Comparisons
      • 8.5.3.1 Upstream-Downstream
      • 8.5.3.2 Gradient Monitoring Design
      • 8.5.3.3 Reference Condition Design
    • 8.5.4 Exposure Assessment
      • 8.5.4.1 Data Collection
      • 8.5.4.2 Comparison to Chemical Guidelines
  • 8.5.4.3 Mercury Biomagnification
  • 8.5.4.4 Environmental Fate
  • 8.5.5 Effects Assessment
  • 8.5.5.1 Bioavailability
  • 8.5.5.2 Toxicity Testing
  • 8.5.5.3 Resident Community Structure Alteration
  • 8.5.5.4 Investigation of Causation
  • 8.5.5.5 The Value of Integrated Assessments
  • 8.5.6 Risk Characterisation
  • 8.5.7 Uncertainty
  • 8.5.8 Monitoring and Management
  • 8.6 Monitoring Specifics
  • 8.6.1 Sampling
  • 8.6.2 Analysis
  • 8.6.3 QAQC Considerations
  • 8.6.3.1 Data Generation and Acquisition
  • 8.6.3.2 Data Management
  • 8.6.3.3 Data Verification, Validation and Usability
  • 8.6.3.4 Performance Assessment and Oversight
  • 8.7 ARD Monitoring FAQ's
  • 8.8 References

9.0 Chapter 9: Management And Performance Assessment (Karen Clarke-Whistler/Andy Robertson)

  • 9.1
  • 9.1.1 Management
  • 9.1.2 Performance Assessment (PA)
  • 9.2 Designing for Closure
  • 9.3 Disciplines, Knowledge and Experience Requirements
  • 9.4 Developing an ARD Management Plan (MP)
  • 9.4.1 Defining the Problem
  • 9.4.2 ARD, NMD and Saline Drainage
  • 9.4.3 Gathering Data and Information
  • 9.4.4 Generating Multiple Solutions
  • 9.4.5 Analyzing and Selecting a Solution
  • 9.4.5.1 Modelling and Assessment
  • 9.4.5.2 Selecting a Solution
  • 9.4.6 Testing the Solution
  • 9.4.6.1 Testing Assumptions and Designs
  • 9.4.6.2 Risk Assessment and Management
  • 9.4.7 Assembling the ARD Management Plan
  • 9.5 Implementing the ARD Management Plan
  • 9.5.1 Mine Planning and Design
  • 9.5.2 Construction
  • 9.5.3 Operations
  • 9.5.4 Monitoring Performance
  • 9.5.5 Adjusting and Modifying the Plan
  • 9.5.5.1 Data Retention
  • 9.5.5.2 Closure Considerations
  • 9.5.5.3 ARD Management FAQ's
  • 9.5.5.4 References

10.0 Chapter 10: Ard Communication And Consultation (Tisha Greyling)

  • 10.1 Introduction
  • 10.2 The Business Case For Stakeholder Engagement
  • 10.2.1 Corporate social risk and consequences
  • 10.2.2 Benefits of good stakeholder engagement
  • 10.2.3 The role of regulatory and other requirements
  • 10.2.4 In-country laws
  • 10.2.5 International conventions, guidelines and standards
  • 10.2.6 Lenders’ requirements
  • 10.3 Objectives Of Stakeholder Engagement
  • 10.4 Good-Practice Principles And Approaches
  • 10.4.1 Key principles and approaches
  • 10.4.2 Identify stakeholders
  • 10.4.3 Other principles
  • 10.5 Effective Engagement
  • 10.5.1 Within Companies
  • 10.5.2 With Regulators
  • 10.5.3 With Communities
  • 10.5.4 With other stakeholders
  • 10.5.5 Communication and Consultation by Regulators and Communities
  • 10.6 Stakeholder Engagement For Each Mining Phase
  • 10.6.1 Exploration
  • 10.6.2 Assessment
  • 10.6.3 Design
  • 10.6.4 Construction
  • 10.6.5 Operation
  • 10.6.6 Closure and post-closure
  • 10.7 Time, Resources and Costs
  • 10.8 Roles And Responsibilities
  • 10.8.1 The mining company
  • 10.8.2 Government
  • 10.8.3 Stakeholders
  • 10.9 Evaluation and Reporting
  • 10.9.1 Record-keeping
  • 10.9.2 Evaluation
  • 10.9.3 Reporting to neighbours and in-country stakeholders
  • 10.9.4 Reporting internationally
  • 10.10 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
  • 10.11 References

11.0 Chapter 11: ARD Management & Sustainability Framework (Beth Beloff)

  • 11.1 Introduction (brief, ~1/2 page)
  • 11.2 Developing Industry, Regulatory and Community Approaches
  • 11.3 Ongoing Research
  • 11.4 Conferences and Training
  • 11.5 ARD Technology FAQ's

12.0 REFERENCES