Chapter 4

4. Defining the Problem - Characterization
Last Update: May 2012

GARD Guide Chapter 4

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The generation, release, transport and attenuation of ARD are intricate processes governed by a combination of physical, chemical and biological factors. Defining the ARD problem requires an analysis of the potential source of ARD, and an assessment of the severity of this potential ARD source. There have been significant developments in appropriate ARD characterization methods to assess the risk posed by ARD and enable the prevention or significant reduction in the environmental impact of ARD. Environmental characterization programs typically aim to collect sufficient data to answer the following questions:

  1. ls ARD likely to occur and what are the potential sources?
  2. What type of chemistry is expected?
  3. When is ARD likely to start and how much will be generated?
  4. What are the significant pathways that transport contaminants to the receiving environment, and can those contaminants be attenuated along those pathways?
  5. What are the anticipated environmental impacts?
  6. What can be done to prevent or mitigate ARD?

An assessment of hydrological and geochemical parameters is essential to conduct a thorough environmental characterization program.

Table of Contents

  • 4.0 Defining the Problem – Characterization
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Site Characterization Approach
    • 4.2.1 Mine Life Cycle Phases
    • 4.2.2 Sources of Acid Rock Drainage
    • 4.2.3 Conceptual Site Model Development
  • 4.3 Components of Site Characterization
    • 4.3.1 Geo-environmental Models
    • 4.3.2 Source Material Geochemical Characterization
    • 4.3.3 Watershed Characterization
      • 4.3.3.1 The Hydrologic Cycle
      • 4.3.3.2 Water Balance
      • 4.3.3.3 Assimilative Capacity of the Receiving Environment
      • 4.3.3.4 Biological Receptors
  • 4.4 Summary
  • 4.5 References
  • List of Tables
  • List of Figures