Difference between revisions of "GuideTOC"

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(→‎7.0 Chapter 7: Drainage Treatment (Andre Van Niekerk))
 
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__notoc__
 
__notoc__
 +
[[Summary|'''Executive Summary''']]
 +
 +
 
[[Chapter_1|'''1.0 The Global Acid Rock Drainage Guide''']]
 
[[Chapter_1|'''1.0 The Global Acid Rock Drainage Guide''']]
 
:[[Chapter_1#1.1 Introduction|1.1 Introduction]]
 
:[[Chapter_1#1.1 Introduction|1.1 Introduction]]
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:[[Chapter_2#2.1 Introduction|2.1 Introduction]]
 
:[[Chapter_2#2.1 Introduction|2.1 Introduction]]
 
:[[Chapter_2#2.2 Acid Rock Drainage, Neutral Mine Drainage, and Saline Drainage|2.2 Acid Rock Drainage, Neutral Mine Drainage, and Saline Drainage]]
 
:[[Chapter_2#2.2 Acid Rock Drainage, Neutral Mine Drainage, and Saline Drainage|2.2 Acid Rock Drainage, Neutral Mine Drainage, and Saline Drainage]]
−
::2.2.1 Definition of Acid Rock Drainage, Neutral Mine Drainage, and Saline Drainage
 
−
::2.2.2 Natural vs Anthropogenic Drainage
 
 
:[[Chapter_2#2.3 History of Acid Rock Drainage|2.3 History of Acid Rock Drainage]]
 
:[[Chapter_2#2.3 History of Acid Rock Drainage|2.3 History of Acid Rock Drainage]]
 
:[[Chapter_2#2.4 The Acid Generation Process|2.4 The Acid Generation Process]]
 
:[[Chapter_2#2.4 The Acid Generation Process|2.4 The Acid Generation Process]]
 +
::[[Introduction to Coal Mine Drainage]]
 +
:::[[Introduction to Coal Mine Drainage#C2.1 Introduction|C2.1 Introduction]]
 +
:::[[Introduction to Coal Mine Drainage#C2.2. Pyrite in Sedimentary Strata|C2.2. Pyrite in Sedimentary Strata]]
 +
:::[[Introduction to Coal Mine Drainage#C2.3 Carbonate Minerals in Coal-bearing Strata|C2.3 Carbonate Minerals in Coal-bearing Strata]]
 +
:::[[Introduction to Coal Mine Drainage#C2.4. How Geology Affects Coal Mine Drainage Quality|C2.4. How Geology Affects Coal Mine Drainage Quality]]
 +
 
::[[Chapter_2#2.4.1 Characteristics of Acid Rock Drainage, Neutral Mine Drainage, and Saline Drainage|2.4.1 Characteristics of Acid Rock Drainage, Neutral Mine Drainage, and Saline Drainage]]
 
::[[Chapter_2#2.4.1 Characteristics of Acid Rock Drainage, Neutral Mine Drainage, and Saline Drainage|2.4.1 Characteristics of Acid Rock Drainage, Neutral Mine Drainage, and Saline Drainage]]
 
::[[Chapter_2#2.4.2 The Global and Geochemical Sulphur Cycles|2.4.2 The Global and Geochemical Sulphur Cycles]]
 
::[[Chapter_2#2.4.2 The Global and Geochemical Sulphur Cycles|2.4.2 The Global and Geochemical Sulphur Cycles]]
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::[[Chapter_2#2.4.6 Neutralization Reactions|2.4.6 Neutralization Reactions]]
 
::[[Chapter_2#2.4.6 Neutralization Reactions|2.4.6 Neutralization Reactions]]
 
::[[Chapter_2#2.4.7 The Acid Rock Drainage Process and Migration|2.4.7 The Acid Rock Drainage Process and Migration]]
 
::[[Chapter_2#2.4.7 The Acid Rock Drainage Process and Migration|2.4.7 The Acid Rock Drainage Process and Migration]]
−
:::2.4.7.1 Factors directly involved in rate of sulphide oxidation
 
−
:::2.4.7.2 Factors that modify drainage resulting from sulphide oxidation
 
−
:::2.4.7.3 Receiving environment
 
 
:[[Chapter_2#2.5 Concluding Statement|2.5 Concluding Statement]]
 
:[[Chapter_2#2.5 Concluding Statement|2.5 Concluding Statement]]
 
:[[Chapter_2#2.6 References|2.6 References]]
 
:[[Chapter_2#2.6 References|2.6 References]]
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::[[Chapter_3#3.5.9 Indonesia|3.5.9 Indonesia]]
 
::[[Chapter_3#3.5.9 Indonesia|3.5.9 Indonesia]]
 
:[[Chapter_3#3.6 Risk Considerations|3.6 Risk Considerations]]
 
:[[Chapter_3#3.6 Risk Considerations|3.6 Risk Considerations]]
−
::3.6.1 Establish the Context (Step 1)
 
−
::3.6.2 Identify the Risks (Step 2)
 
−
::3.6.3 Analyze the Risk (Step 3)
 
−
::3.6.4 Assessment and Prioritization of Risk (Step 4)
 
−
::3.6.5 Risk Management (Treat the Risk) (Step 5)
 
−
::3.6.6 Review and Monitor (Step 6)
 
−
::3.6.7 Risk Priorities
 
 
:[[Chapter_3#3.7 References|3.7 References]]
 
:[[Chapter_3#3.7 References|3.7 References]]
 
:[[Chapter_3#List of Tables|List of Tables]]
 
:[[Chapter_3#List of Tables|List of Tables]]
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[[#top|Top of this page]]
 
[[#top|Top of this page]]
  
−
[[Chapter_4|'''4.0 Defining The Problem – Characterization''']]
+
[[Chapter_4|'''4.0 Defining the Problem - Characterization''']]
 
:[[Chapter_4#4.1 Introduction|4.1 Introduction]]
 
:[[Chapter_4#4.1 Introduction|4.1 Introduction]]
 
:[[Chapter_4#4.2 Site Characterization Approach|4.2 Site Characterization Approach]]
 
:[[Chapter_4#4.2 Site Characterization Approach|4.2 Site Characterization Approach]]
−
::[[Chapter_4#4.2.1 Conceptual Site Model Development|4.2.1 Conceptual Site Model Development]]
+
::[[Chapter_4#4.2.1 Mine Life Cycle Phases|4.2.1 Mine Life Cycle Phases]]
−
::[[Chapter_4#4.2.2 Mine Phases|4.2.2 Mine Phases]]
+
::[[Chapter_4#4.2.2 Sources of Acid Rock Drainage|4.2.2 Sources of Acid Rock Drainage]]
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:::4.2.2.1 Exploration Phase
+
::[[Chapter_4#4.2.3 Conceptual Site Model Development|4.2.3 Conceptual Site Model Development]]
−
:::4.2.2.2 Mine Planning Phase
+
:[[Chapter_4#4.3 Components of Site Characterization|4.3 Components of Site Characterization]]
−
:::4.2.2.3 Construction and Commissioning Phase
+
::[[Chapter_4#4.3.1 Geo-environmental Models|4.3.1 Geo-environmental Models]]
−
:::4.2.2.4 Operational Phase
+
::[[Chapter_4#4.3.2 Source Material Geochemical Characterization|4.3.2 Source Material Geochemical Characterization]]
−
:::4.2.2.5 Decommissioning Phase
+
::[[Chapter_4#4.3.3 Watershed Characterization|4.3.3 Watershed Characterization]]
−
:::4.2.2.6 Post-Closure Phase
+
:::[[Chapter_4#4.3.3.1 The Hydrologic Cycle|4.3.3.1 The Hydrologic Cycle]]
−
:[[Chapter_4#4.3 Sources of Acid Rock Drainage, Neutral Mine Drainage, and Saline Drainage|4.3 Sources of Acid Rock Drainage, Neutral Mine Drainage, and Saline Drainage]]
+
:::[[Chapter_4#4.3.3.2 Water Balance|4.3.3.2 Water Balance]]
−
::[[Chapter_4#4.3.1 Surface Mining – Open Pit|4.3.1 Surface Mining – Open Pit]]
+
:::[[Chapter_4#4.3.3.3 Assimilative Capacity of the Receiving Environment|4.3.3.3 Assimilative Capacity of the Receiving Environment]]
−
::[[Chapter_4#4.3.2 Underground Mining|4.3.2 Underground Mining]]
+
:::[[Chapter_4#4.3.3.4 Biological Receptors|4.3.3.4 Biological Receptors]]
−
::[[Chapter_4#4.3.3 Waste Rock and Ore Stockpiles|4.3.3 Waste Rock and Ore Stockpiles]]
+
:[[Chapter_4#4.4 Summary|4.4 Summary]]
−
::[[Chapter_4#4.3.4 Tailings Piles and Ponds|4.3.4 Tailings Piles and Ponds]]
+
:[[Chapter_4#4.5 References|4.5 References]]
−
::[[Chapter_4#4.3.5 In Situ Solution Mines|4.3.5 In Situ Solution Mines]]
 
−
::[[Chapter_4#4.3.6 Heap Leach Piles|4.3.6 Heap Leach Piles]]
 
−
::[[Chapter_4#4.3.7 Coal and Uranium Mining Specific Acid Rock Drainage Sources|4.3.7 Coal and Uranium Mining Specific Acid Rock Drainage Sources]]
 
−
:[[Chapter_4#4.4 Components of Site Characterization|4.4 Components of Site Characterization]]
 
−
::[[Chapter_4#4.4.1 Geo-environmental Models|4.4.1 Geo-environmental Models]]
 
−
::[[Chapter_4#4.4.2 Source Material Geochemical Characterization|4.4.2 Source Material Geochemical Characterization]]
 
−
:::4.4.2.1 Laboratory and Field Testing
 
−
:::4.4.2.2 Sample Selection
 
−
:::4.4.2.3 Number of Samples Required
 
−
::[[Chapter_4#4.4.3 Watershed Characterization – The Hydrologic Cycle|4.4.3 Watershed Characterization – The Hydrologic Cycle]]
 
−
:::4.4.3.1 Climate
 
−
:::4.4.3.2 Hydrology
 
−
:::4.4.3.3 Hydrogeology
 
−
:::4.4.3.4 Site Wide Water Balance
 
−
::[[Chapter_4#4.4.4 Watershed Characterization - Assimilative Capacity of the Receiving Environment|4.4.4 Watershed Characterization - Assimilative Capacity of the Receiving Environment]]
 
−
::[[Chapter_4#4.4.5 Watershed Characterization – Biological Receptors|4.4.5 Watershed Characterization – Biological Receptors]]
 
−
::[[Chapter_4#4.4.6 Watershed Characterization – Archaeology and Cultural Value|4.4.6 Watershed Characterization – Archaeology and Cultural Value]]
 
−
:[[Chapter_4#4.5 Selected Characterization Tools|4.5 Selected Characterization Tools]]
 
−
::[[Chapter_4#4.5.1 Geophysics|4.5.1 Geophysics]]
 
−
:::4.5.1.1 Introduction
 
−
:::4.5.1.2 Remote Sensing
 
−
:[[Chapter_4#4.6 Summary|4.6 Summary]]
 
−
:[[Chapter_4#4.7 References|4.7 References]]
 
 
:[[Chapter_4#List of Tables|List of Tables]]
 
:[[Chapter_4#List of Tables|List of Tables]]
 
:[[Chapter_4#List of Figures|List of Figures]]
 
:[[Chapter_4#List of Figures|List of Figures]]
 +
  
 
[[#top|Top of this page]]
 
[[#top|Top of this page]]
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__notoc__
 
__notoc__
 
:[[Chapter_5#5.1 Introduction|5.1 Introduction]]
 
:[[Chapter_5#5.1 Introduction|5.1 Introduction]]
 +
::[[Introduction to CMD Prediction]]
 
:[[Chapter_5#5.2 Objectives of Prediction Program|5.2 Objectives of Prediction Program]]
 
:[[Chapter_5#5.2 Objectives of Prediction Program|5.2 Objectives of Prediction Program]]
−
:[[Chapter_5#5.3 The Acid Rock Drainage Prediction Approach|5.3 The Acid Rock Drainage Prediction Approach]]
+
:[[Chapter_5#5.3 The Prediction Approach|5.3 The Prediction Approach]]
 
::[[Chapter_5#5.3.1 Acid Rock Drainage/Metal Leaching Characterization|5.3.1 Acid Rock Drainage/Metal Leaching Characterization]]
 
::[[Chapter_5#5.3.1 Acid Rock Drainage/Metal Leaching Characterization|5.3.1 Acid Rock Drainage/Metal Leaching Characterization]]
−
::[[Chapter_5#5.3.2 Description of Phases|5.3.2 Description of Phases]]
+
::[[Chapter_5#5.3.2 Prediction during Different Phases of the Mine Life|5.3.2 Prediction during Different Phases of the Mine Life]]
−
:::5.3.2.1 Initial Exploration/Site Reconnaissance Phase
 
−
:::5.3.2.2 Advanced Exploration/Detailed Site Investigation Phase
 
−
:::5.3.2.3 Prefeasibility Phase
 
−
:::5.3.2.4 Feasibility and Permitting Phase
 
−
:::5.3.2.5 Implementation Phase
 
 
::[[Chapter_5#5.3.3 Water Quality Prediction|5.3.3 Water Quality Prediction]]
 
::[[Chapter_5#5.3.3 Water Quality Prediction|5.3.3 Water Quality Prediction]]
 
:[[Chapter_5b#5.4 Prediction Tools|5.4 Prediction Tools]]
 
:[[Chapter_5b#5.4 Prediction Tools|5.4 Prediction Tools]]
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::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.2 Geological and Lithological Investigations|5.4.2 Geological and Lithological Investigations]]
 
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.2 Geological and Lithological Investigations|5.4.2 Geological and Lithological Investigations]]
 
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.3 Hydrogeological/Hydrological Investigations|5.4.3 Hydrogeological/Hydrological Investigations]]
 
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.3 Hydrogeological/Hydrological Investigations|5.4.3 Hydrogeological/Hydrological Investigations]]
−
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.4 Geochemical Testing Methods|5.4.4 Geochemical Testing Methods]]
+
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.4 Introduction to Geochemical Characterization|5.4.4 Introduction to Geochemical Characterization]]
−
:::5.4.4.1 Introduction to Geochemical Characterization Program
+
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.5 Sample Storage and Preparation Prior to Analysis|5.4.5 Sample Storage and Preparation Prior to Analysis]]
−
:::5.4.4.2 Summary of Testing Requirements
+
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.6 Summary of Testing Requirements|5.4.6 Summary of Testing Requirements]]
−
:::5.4.4.3 Physical Characteristics
+
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.7 Physical Characteristics|5.4.7 Physical Characteristics]]
−
:::5.4.4.4 Chemical Characteristics
+
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.8 Total and Near-Total Solid-Phase Elemental Concentration|5.4.8 Total and Near-Total Solid-Phase Elemental Concentration]]
−
:::5.4.4.5 Mineralogical Characteristics
+
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.9 Mineralogical Properties|5.4.9 Mineralogical Properties]]
−
:::5.4.4.6 Laboratory Static Methods
+
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.10 Net Acid or ARD Potential|5.4.10 Net Acid or ARD Potential]]
−
:::5.4.4.7 Laboratory Kinetic Methods
+
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.11 Short-Term Leach Tests|5.4.11 Short-Term Leach Tests]]
−
:::5.4.4.8 Field Methods
+
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.12 Laboratory Kinetic Tests|5.4.12 Laboratory Kinetic Tests]]
−
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.5 Data Management|5.4.5 Data Management]]
+
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.13 Field Methods|5.4.13 Field Methods]]
−
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.6 Quality Assurance/Quality Control|5.4.6 Quality Assurance/Quality Control]]
+
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.14 Data Management|5.4.14 Data Management]]
−
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.7 Screening and Evaluation Criteria|5.4.7 Screening and Evaluation Criteria]]
+
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.15 Quality Assurance/Quality Control|5.4.15 Quality Assurance/Quality Control]]
−
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.8 Reporting|5.4.8 Reporting]]
+
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.16 Screening and Evaluation Criteria|5.4.16 Screening and Evaluation Criteria]]
 +
::[[Chapter_5b#5.4.17 Reporting|5.4.17 Reporting]]
 
:[[Chapter_5c#5.5 Modeling of Acid Rock Drainage, Neutral Mine Drainage, and Saline Drainage for Characterization and Remediation|5.5 Modeling of Acid Rock Drainage, Neutral Mine Drainage, and Saline Drainage for Characterization and Remediation]]
 
:[[Chapter_5c#5.5 Modeling of Acid Rock Drainage, Neutral Mine Drainage, and Saline Drainage for Characterization and Remediation|5.5 Modeling of Acid Rock Drainage, Neutral Mine Drainage, and Saline Drainage for Characterization and Remediation]]
 
::[[Chapter_5c#5.5.1 Introduction|5.5.1 Introduction]]
 
::[[Chapter_5c#5.5.1 Introduction|5.5.1 Introduction]]
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::[[Chapter_6#6.6.2 Re-mining|6.6.2 Re-mining]]
 
::[[Chapter_6#6.6.2 Re-mining|6.6.2 Re-mining]]
 
::[[Chapter_6#6.6.3 Special Handling Methods|6.6.3 Special Handling Methods]]
 
::[[Chapter_6#6.6.3 Special Handling Methods|6.6.3 Special Handling Methods]]
−
:::6.6.3.1 Incorporation in Mine Plan
 
−
:::6.6.3.2 Segregation
 
−
:::6.6.3.3 Tailings Desulphurization
 
−
:::6.6.3.4 Compaction and Physical Tailings Conditioning
 
−
:::6.6.3.5 Encapsulation and Layering
 
−
:::6.6.3.6 Blending
 
−
:::6.6.3.7 Co-disposal
 
−
:::6.6.3.8 Permafrost and Freezing
 
 
::[[Chapter_6#6.6.4 Additions and Amendment Methods|6.6.4 Additions and Amendment Methods]]
 
::[[Chapter_6#6.6.4 Additions and Amendment Methods|6.6.4 Additions and Amendment Methods]]
−
:::6.6.4.1 Passivation
 
−
:::6.6.4.2 Alkaline materials
 
−
:::6.6.4.3 Use of Organic Matter
 
−
:::6.6.4.4 Bactericides 19
 
 
::[[Chapter_6#6.6.5 Water Management Methods|6.6.5 Water Management Methods]]
 
::[[Chapter_6#6.6.5 Water Management Methods|6.6.5 Water Management Methods]]
−
:::6.6.5.1 Hydrogeological and Hydrodynamic Controls
+
::[[Chapter_6#6.6.6 Engineered Barriers|6.6.6 Engineered Barriers]]
−
:::6.6.5.2 Dewatering
+
::[[Chapter_6#6.6.7 Water Cover Methods|6.6.7 Water Cover Methods]]
−
:::6.6.5.3 Diversion
+
::[[Chapter_6#6.6.8 Drained / Sub-Aerial Tailings Deposition Methods|6.6.8 Drained / Sub-Aerial Tailings Deposition Methods]]
−
:::6.6.5.4 Flooding
+
:[[Chapter_6#6.7 Selection and Evaluation of Alternatives|6.7 Selection and Evaluation of Alternatives]]
−
:::6.6.5.5 Seals
+
:[[Chapter_6#6.8 Design and Construction Considerations|6.8 Design and Construction Considerations]]
−
::[[Chapter_6#6.6.6 Liners|6.6.6 Liners]]
+
:[[Chapter_6#6.9 Maintenance and Monitoring Considerations|6.9 Maintenance and Monitoring Considerations]]
−
::[[Chapter_6#6.6.7 Dry Cover Methods|6.6.7 Dry Cover Methods]]
+
:[[Chapter_6#6.10 References|6.10 References]]
−
:::6.6.7.1 Soil Covers
 
−
:::6.6.7.2 Alkaline Covers
 
−
:::6.6.7.3 Organic Covers
 
−
:::6.6.7.4 Covers of sulphide-bearing but net neutralizing materials
 
−
:::6.6.7.5 Synthetic Covers
 
−
:::6.6.7.6 Gas Barriers
 
−
:::6.6.7.7 Vegetation
 
−
:::6.6.7.8 Landform Design
 
−
::[[Chapter_6#6.6.8 Water Cover Methods|6.6.8 Water Cover Methods]]
 
−
:::6.6.8.1 Subaqueous Disposal
 
−
:::6.6.8.2 Partial Water Cover
 
−
:::6.6.8.3 Wetland covers
 
−
:::6.6.8.4 Attenuation
 
−
:::6.6.8.5 Stream Flow Regulation
 
−
:::6.6.8.6 Water recycle and reuse
 
−
:[[Chapter_6#6.7 Secondary Impacts|6.7 Secondary Impacts]]
 
−
:[[Chapter_6#6.8 Selection and Evaluation of Alternatives|6.8 Selection and Evaluation of Alternatives]]
 
−
:[[Chapter_6#6.9 Design and Construction Considerations|6.9 Design and Construction Considerations]]
 
−
:[[Chapter_6#6.10 Maintenance and Monitoring Considerations|6.10 Maintenance and Monitoring Considerations]]
 
−
:[[Chapter_6#6.11 References|6.11 References]]
 
 
:[[Chapter_6#List of Tables|List of Tables]]
 
:[[Chapter_6#List of Tables|List of Tables]]
 
:[[Chapter_6#List of Figures|List of Figures]]
 
:[[Chapter_6#List of Figures|List of Figures]]
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[[#top|Top of this page]]
 
[[#top|Top of this page]]
  
−
[[Chapter_7|'''7.0 Drainage Treatment''']]
+
[[Chapter_7|7.0 Drainage Treatment]]
 
:[[Chapter_7#7.1 Introduction|7.1 Introduction]]
 
:[[Chapter_7#7.1 Introduction|7.1 Introduction]]
 +
::[[Chapter_7#7.1.1 Risk-based approach|7.1.1 Risk-based approach]]
 
:[[Chapter_7#7.2 Objectives of Mine Drainage Treatment|7.2 Objectives of Mine Drainage Treatment]]
 
:[[Chapter_7#7.2 Objectives of Mine Drainage Treatment|7.2 Objectives of Mine Drainage Treatment]]
 
:[[Chapter_7#7.3 Mine Drainage Treatment|7.3 Mine Drainage Treatment]]
 
:[[Chapter_7#7.3 Mine Drainage Treatment|7.3 Mine Drainage Treatment]]
−
:[[Chapter_7#7.4 Mine Drainage Collection and Management|7.4 Mine Drainage Collection and Management]]
+
:[[Chapter_7#7.4 Drainage Sources, Collection and Management|7.4 Drainage Sources, Collection and Management]]
 
:[[Chapter_7#7.5 Mine Drainage Treatment Technologies|7.5 Mine Drainage Treatment Technologies]]
 
:[[Chapter_7#7.5 Mine Drainage Treatment Technologies|7.5 Mine Drainage Treatment Technologies]]
 
::[[Chapter_7#7.5.1 Active Treatment Technologies|7.5.1 Active Treatment Technologies]]
 
::[[Chapter_7#7.5.1 Active Treatment Technologies|7.5.1 Active Treatment Technologies]]
 +
:::[[Aeration systems for treating CMD]]
 
::[[Chapter_7#7.5.2 Passive Treatment Technologies|7.5.2 Passive Treatment Technologies]]
 
::[[Chapter_7#7.5.2 Passive Treatment Technologies|7.5.2 Passive Treatment Technologies]]
 +
:::[[History of Passive Treatment]]
 
::[[Chapter_7#7.5.3 In situ Treatment Technologies|7.5.3 In situ Treatment Technologies]]
 
::[[Chapter_7#7.5.3 In situ Treatment Technologies|7.5.3 In situ Treatment Technologies]]
 
:[[Chapter_7#7.6 Treatment Residues and Wastes|7.6 Treatment Residues and Wastes]]
 
:[[Chapter_7#7.6 Treatment Residues and Wastes|7.6 Treatment Residues and Wastes]]
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:[[Chapter_7#7.8 Treatment in the Context of Mine Closure and Post Closure|7.8 Treatment in the Context of Mine Closure and Post Closure]]
 
:[[Chapter_7#7.8 Treatment in the Context of Mine Closure and Post Closure|7.8 Treatment in the Context of Mine Closure and Post Closure]]
 
:[[Chapter_7#7.9 Evaluation and Selection of Drainage Treatment Technologies|7.9 Evaluation and Selection of Drainage Treatment Technologies]]
 
:[[Chapter_7#7.9 Evaluation and Selection of Drainage Treatment Technologies|7.9 Evaluation and Selection of Drainage Treatment Technologies]]
−
:[[Chapter_7#7.10 References|7.10 References]]
+
:[[Chapter_7#7.10 Case Studies|7.10 Case Studies]]
 +
:[[Chapter_7#7.11 References|7.11 References]]
 
:[[Chapter_7#List of Tables|List of Tables]]
 
:[[Chapter_7#List of Tables|List of Tables]]
 
:[[Chapter_7#List of Figures|List of Figures]]
 
:[[Chapter_7#List of Figures|List of Figures]]
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[[#top|Top of this page]]
 
[[#top|Top of this page]]
  
−
==8.0 [[chapter_8|Chapter 8:]] Monitoring (Peter Chapman)==
+
[[Chapter_8|8.0 Monitoring]]
−
: [[Guide8.1|8.1 Introduction]]
+
:[[Chapter_8#8.1 Introduction|8.1 Introduction]]
−
: [[Guide8.2|8.2 Objectives of Monitoring]]
+
:[[Chapter_8#8.2 Objectives of Monitoring|8.2 Objectives of Monitoring]]
−
: [[Guide8.3|8.3 The ARD Monitoring Approach]]
+
:[[Chapter_8#8.3 The Acid Rock Drainage Monitoring Approach|8.3 The Acid Rock Drainage Monitoring Approach]]
−
:: 8.3.1 Risk Based Framework
+
::[[Chapter_8#8.3.1 Conceptual and Dynamic System Model Development|8.3.1 Conceptual and Dynamic System Model Development]]
−
:: 8.3.2 Monitoring Components
+
::[[Chapter_8#8.3.2 Risk Based Approach to Monitoring Program Development|8.3.2 Risk Based Approach to Monitoring Program Development]]
−
: [[Guide8.4|8.4 Problem Formulation]]
+
::[[Chapter_8#8.3.3 Monitoring Program Development|8.3.3 Monitoring Program Development]]
−
:: [[Guide8.4.1|8.4.1 Site Definition]]
+
::[[Chapter_8#8.3.4 Data Management and Interpretation|8.3.4 Data Management and Interpretation]]
−
:: [[Guide8.4.2|8.4.2 Contaminants of Potential Concern (COPCs)]]
+
::[[Chapter_8#8.3.5 Auditing|8.3.5 Auditing]]
−
:: [[Guide8.4.3|8.4.3 Receptors of Potential Concern (ROPCs)]]
+
:[[Chapter_8#8.4 Monitoring Program Components|8.4 Monitoring Program Components]]
−
:: [[Guide8.4.4|8.4.4 Assessment and Measurement Endpoints]]
+
::[[Chapter_8#8.4.1 Acid Rock Drainage Sources|8.4.1 Acid Rock Drainage Sources]]
−
:: [[Guide8.4.5|8.4.5 Reference Areas/Locations]]
+
::[[Chapter_8#8.4.2 Pathways|8.4.2 Pathways]]
−
:: [[Guide8.4.6|8.4.6 Conceptual Site Model (CSM)]]
+
::[[Chapter_8#8.4.3 Mitigation Measures|8.4.3 Mitigation Measures]]
−
:: [[Guide8.4.7|8.4.7 Risk Hypotheses]]
+
::[[Chapter_8#8.4.4 Receptors|8.4.4 Receptors]]
−
:: [[Guide8.4.8|8.4.8 Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP)]]
+
:[[Chapter_8#8.5 Closure and Long-Term Considerations|8.5 Closure and Long-Term Considerations]]
−
: [[Guide8.5|8.5 Overview of Monitoring Approaches]]
+
:[[Chapter_8#8.6 References and Further Reading|8.6 References and Further Reading]]
−
:: [[Guide8.5.1|8.5.1 Implementation Considerations]]
+
:[[Chapter_8#List of Tables|List of Tables]]
−
::: 8.5.1.1 Health and Safety
+
:[[Chapter_8#List of Figures|List of Figures]]
−
::: 8.5.1.2 Freshwater, Estuarine and Saline Receiving Environments
+
:[[Chapter_8#List of Photos|List of Photos]]
−
::: 8.5.1.3 Source/Near-Field/Far-Field Monitoring
 
−
:: [[Guide8.5.2|8.5.2 Discharge monitoring]]
 
−
:: [[Guide8.5.3|8.5.3 Reference Comparisons]]
 
−
::: 8.5.3.1 Upstream-Downstream
 
−
::: 8.5.3.2 Gradient Monitoring Design
 
−
::: 8.5.3.3 Reference Condition Design
 
−
:: [[Guide8.5.4|8.5.4 Exposure Assessment]]
 
−
::: 8.5.4.1 Data Collection
 
−
::: 8.5.4.2 Comparison to Chemical Guidelines
 
−
::: 8.5.4.3 Mercury Biomagnification
 
−
::: 8.5.4.4 Environmental Fate
 
−
:: [[Guide8.5.5|8.5.5 Effects Assessment]]
 
−
::: 8.5.5.1 Bioavailability
 
−
::: 8.5.5.2 Toxicity Testing
 
−
::: 8.5.5.3 Resident Community Structure Alteration
 
−
::: 8.5.5.4 Investigation of Causation
 
−
::: 8.5.5.5 The Value of Integrated Assessments
 
−
:: [[Guide8.5.6|8.5.6 Risk Characterisation]]
 
−
:: [[Guide8.5.7|8.5.7 Uncertainty]]
 
−
:: [[Guide8.5.8|8.5.8 Monitoring and Management]]
 
−
: [[Guide8.6|8.6 Monitoring Specifics]]
 
−
:: 8.6.1 Sampling
 
−
:: 8.6.2 Analysis
 
−
:: 8.6.3 QAQC Considerations
 
−
::: 8.6.3.1 Data Generation and Acquisition
 
−
::: 8.6.3.2 Data Management
 
−
::: 8.6.3.3 Data Verification, Validation and Usability
 
−
::: 8.6.3.4 Performance Assessment and Oversight
 
−
: [[Guide8.7|8.7 ARD Monitoring FAQ's]]
 
−
: [[Guide8.8|8.8 References]]
 
  
 
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::[[Chapter_9#9.2.5 Design for Closure|9.2.5 Design for Closure]]
 
::[[Chapter_9#9.2.5 Design for Closure|9.2.5 Design for Closure]]
 
::[[Chapter_9#9.2.6 Engineering Design Process|9.2.6 Engineering Design Process]]
 
::[[Chapter_9#9.2.6 Engineering Design Process|9.2.6 Engineering Design Process]]
−
:::9.2.6.1 Evaluation and Selection of Preferred Option
 
 
::[[Chapter_9#9.2.7 Risk Assessment, Management, and Contingency Plans|9.2.7 Risk Assessment, Management, and Contingency Plans]]
 
::[[Chapter_9#9.2.7 Risk Assessment, Management, and Contingency Plans|9.2.7 Risk Assessment, Management, and Contingency Plans]]
 
::[[Chapter_9#9.2.8 Monitoring Performance and Assessment of Success|9.2.8 Monitoring Performance and Assessment of Success]]
 
::[[Chapter_9#9.2.8 Monitoring Performance and Assessment of Success|9.2.8 Monitoring Performance and Assessment of Success]]
 
:[[Chapter_9#9.3 Implementing the Acid Rock Drainage Management Plan|9.3 Implementing the Acid Rock Drainage Management Plan]]
 
:[[Chapter_9#9.3 Implementing the Acid Rock Drainage Management Plan|9.3 Implementing the Acid Rock Drainage Management Plan]]
 +
::[[Mt._Milligan_Project|Mt. Milligan Project Mini Case Study]]
 
::[[Chapter_9#9.3.1 Integrating Acid Rock Drainage Management into Mine and Process Operations|9.3.1 Integrating Acid Rock Drainage Management into Mine and Process Operations]]
 
::[[Chapter_9#9.3.1 Integrating Acid Rock Drainage Management into Mine and Process Operations|9.3.1 Integrating Acid Rock Drainage Management into Mine and Process Operations]]
 
::[[Chapter_9#9.3.2 Management System Roles and Responsibilities|9.3.2 Management System Roles and Responsibilities]]
 
::[[Chapter_9#9.3.2 Management System Roles and Responsibilities|9.3.2 Management System Roles and Responsibilities]]
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==10.0 [[chapter_10|Chapter 10:]] ARD Communication and Consultation (Tisha Greyling)==
+
[[Chapter_10|10.0 Acid Rock Drainage Communication and Consulting]]
−
: [[Guide10.1|10.1 Introduction]]
+
:[[Chapter_10#10.1 Introduction|10.1 Introduction]]
−
: [[Guide10.2|10.2 The Business Case For Stakeholder Engagement]]
+
:[[Chapter_10#10.2 Why Communicate and Consult about Acid Rock Drainage?| 10.2 Why Communicate and Consult about Acid Rock Drainage?]]
−
:: 10.2.1 Corporate social risk and consequences
+
::[[Chapter_10#10.2.1 Stakeholder Perceptions about Acid Rock Drainage|10.2.1 Stakeholder Perceptions about Acid Rock Drainage]]
−
:: 10.2.2 Benefits of good stakeholder engagement
+
::[[Chapter_10#10.2.2 Benefits of Communication and Consultation about Acid Rock Drainage|10.2.2 Benefits of Communication and Consultation about Acid Rock Drainage]]
−
:: 10.2.3 The role of regulatory and other requirements
+
:::[[General_Information_on_Metal_Leaching_and_Acid_Rock_Drainage|General Information on Metal Leaching and Acid Rock Drainage]]
−
:: 10.2.4 In-country laws
+
:[[Chapter_10#10.3 Mining Disciplines Involved in Acid Rock Drainage Management and Communication|10.3 Mining Disciplines Involved in Acid Rock Drainage Management and Communication]]
−
:: 10.2.5 International conventions, guidelines and standards
+
::[[Chapter_10#10.3.1 Integration of Functions|10.3.1 Integration of Functions]]
−
:: 10.2.6 Lenders’ requirements
+
:[[Chapter_10#10.4 Planning Communication and Consultation on Acid Rock Drainage|10.4 Planning Communication and Consultation on Acid Rock Drainage]]
−
: [[Guide10.3|10.3 Objectives Of Stakeholder Engagement]]
+
::[[Chapter_10#10.4.1 The Focus of Consulting and Communication|10.4.1 The Focus of Consulting and Communication]]
−
: [[Guide10.4|10.4 Good-Practice Principles And Approaches]]
+
::[[Chapter_10#10.4.2 Regulatory and Other Requirements for Communication and Consultation|10.4.2 Regulatory and Other Requirements for Communication and Consultation]]
−
:: 10.4.1 Key principles and approaches
+
::[[Chapter_10#10.4.3 Tailor Objectives of Stakeholder Engagement to the Situation at Hand|10.4.3 Tailor Objectives of Stakeholder Engagement to the Situation at Hand|]]]]
−
:: 10.4.2 Identify stakeholders
+
:[[Chapter_10#10.5 Communication and Consultation about Acid Rock Drainage for each Mining Phase|10.5 Communication and Consultation about Acid Rock Drainage for each Mining Phase]]
−
:: 10.4.3 Other principles
+
:[[Chapter_10#10.6 Good-Practice Principles and Approaches|10.6 Good-Practice Principles and Approaches]]
−
: [[Guide10.5|10.5 Effective Engagement]]
+
::[[Chapter_10#10.6.1 Inclusive Engagement|10.6.1 Inclusive Engagement]]
−
:: 10.5.1 Within Companies
+
::[[Chapter_10#10.6.2 Get in Early|10.6.2 Get in Early]]
−
:: 10.5.2 With Regulators
+
::[[Chapter_10#10.6.3 Be Respectful to People and Cultural Norms|10.6.3 Be Respectful to People and Cultural Norms]]
−
:: 10.5.3 With Communities
+
::[[Chapter_10#10.6.4 Accessible and Transparent Information|10.6.4 Accessible and Transparent Information]]
−
:: 10.5.4 With other stakeholders
+
::[[Chapter_10#10.6.5 Ongoing Feedback and Acknowledgment|10.6.5 Ongoing Feedback and Acknowledgment]]
−
:: 10.5.5 Communication and Consultation by Regulators and Communities
+
::[[Chapter_10#10.6.6 Dispute Management and Resolution|10.6.6 Dispute Management and Resolution]]
−
: [[Guide10.6|10.6 Stakeholder Engagement For Each Mining Phase]]
+
::[[Chapter_10#10.6.7 The Principles of Risk Communication|10.6.7 The Principles of Risk Communication]]
−
:: 10.6.1 Exploration
+
:[[Chapter_10#10.7 Responsibilities of Regulators|10.7 Responsibilities of Regulators]]
−
:: 10.6.2 Assessment
+
:[[Chapter_10#10.8 Guidelines for Acid Rock Drainage Reporting|10.8 Guidelines for Acid Rock Drainage Reporting]]
−
:: 10.6.3 Design
+
:[[Chapter_10#10.9 References|10.9 References]]
−
:: 10.6.4 Construction
+
:[[Chapter_10#List of Tables|List of Tables]]
−
:: 10.6.5 Operation
+
:[[Chapter_10#List of Figures|List of Figures]]
−
:: 10.6.6 Closure and post-closure
 
−
: [[Guide10.7|10.7 Time, Resources and Costs]]
 
−
: [[Guide10.8|10.8 Roles And Responsibilities]]
 
−
:: 10.8.1 The mining company
 
−
:: 10.8.2 Government
 
−
:: 10.8.3 Stakeholders
 
−
: [[Guide10.9|10.9 Evaluation and Reporting]]
 
−
:: 10.9.1 Record-keeping
 
−
:: 10.9.2 Evaluation
 
−
:: 10.9.3 Reporting to neighbors and in-country stakeholders
 
−
:: 10.9.4 Reporting internationally
 
−
: [[Guide10.10|10.10 FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions]]
 
−
: [[Guide10.11|10.11 References]]
 
  
 
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[[#top|Top of this page]]
  
−
==11.0 [[chapter_11|Chapter 11:]] ARD Management & Sustainability Framework (Beth Beloff)==
+
[[Chapter_11|11.0 ARD Management in the Future]]
−
: 11.1 Introduction
+
:[[Chapter_11#11.1 Introduction|11.1 Introduction]]
−
: 11.2 Developing Industry, Regulatory and Community Approaches
+
::[[Chapter_11#11.1.1 ARD through the Sustainable Development "Lens"|11.1.1 ARD through the Sustainable Development "Lens"]]
−
: 11.3 Ongoing Research
+
:[[Chapter_11#11.2 ARD Research and Management - Today and Tomorrow|11.2 ARD Research and Management - Today and Tomorrow]]
−
: 11.4 Conferences and Training
+
::[[Chapter_11#11.2.1 History and Status of ARD Research and Management|11.2.1 History and Status of ARD Research and Management]]
−
: 11.5 ARD Technology FAQ's
+
::[[Chapter_11#11.2.2 The Future of ARD Research and Management|11.2.2 The Future of ARD Research and Management]]
 +
:[[Chapter_11#11.3 Stakeholder Roles|11.3 Stakeholder Roles]]
 +
:[[Chapter_11# References| References]]
  
 
[[#top|Top of this page]]
 
[[#top|Top of this page]]
−
 
−
== 12.0 [[GuideReferences|References]] ==
 
  
 
== [[GuideAppendices|Appendices]] ==
 
== [[GuideAppendices|Appendices]] ==
−
: Appendix A Title
 
 
: [[Acronyms|Acronyms]]
 
: [[Acronyms|Acronyms]]
 
: [[Glossary|Glossary]]
 
: [[Glossary|Glossary]]
−
: Units and Conversion Factors
+
<!-- : Units and Conversion Factors
 
: General Further Reading
 
: General Further Reading
 
: Case Studies Listing
 
: Case Studies Listing
−
: ARD Consultant Terms of Reference
+
: ARD Consultant Terms of Reference -->
  
 
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<div style="text-align:center">'''[[Public_Comment|Click Here to Leave a Comment]]'''</div>

Latest revision as of 21:01, 22 July 2014

Executive Summary


1.0 The Global Acid Rock Drainage Guide

1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Acid Rock Drainage
1.2 Acid Rock Drainage Management – The Business Case
1.3 Scope and Objectives of the Global Acid Rock Drainage Guide
1.3.1 Scope
1.3.2 Objectives
1.4 Relation to Other Guides
1.5 Approach of the Global Acid Rock Drainage Guide
1.6 Application to Mine Phase
1.7 The Sustainable Development Approach
1.8 Layout and How to Use the Guide
1.8.1 Layout
1.8.2 How to Use the Global Acid Rock Drainage Guide
1.9 Chapter References
List of Figures
List of Appendices

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2.0 The Acid Rock Drainage Process

2.1 Introduction
2.2 Acid Rock Drainage, Neutral Mine Drainage, and Saline Drainage
2.3 History of Acid Rock Drainage
2.4 The Acid Generation Process
Introduction to Coal Mine Drainage
C2.1 Introduction
C2.2. Pyrite in Sedimentary Strata
C2.3 Carbonate Minerals in Coal-bearing Strata
C2.4. How Geology Affects Coal Mine Drainage Quality
2.4.1 Characteristics of Acid Rock Drainage, Neutral Mine Drainage, and Saline Drainage
2.4.2 The Global and Geochemical Sulphur Cycles
2.4.3 Acid Rock Drainage Sources
2.4.4 The Sulphide Oxidation Process
2.4.5 Reaction Products from Sulphide Oxidation
2.4.6 Neutralization Reactions
2.4.7 The Acid Rock Drainage Process and Migration
2.5 Concluding Statement
2.6 References
List of Tables
List of Figures

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3.0 Corporate, Regulatory, and Community Framework

3.1 Framework for Management of Acid Rock Drainage
3.2 Corporate Guidance
3.2.1 Newmont
3.2.2 Rio Tinto
3.2.3 Relationship to Other Requirements and Issues
3.3 Sustainability and Community Considerations
3.4 Global Regulatory Guidance
3.5 Country Regulatory Guidance
3.5.1 Commonalities in the Regulatory Regimes
3.5.2 United States of America and its States
3.5.3 Canada and its Provinces and Territories
3.5.4 Australia, its States and Territories
3.5.5 European Union (EU)
3.5.6 South Africa
3.5.7 New Zealand
3.5.8 Brazil
3.5.9 Indonesia
3.6 Risk Considerations
3.7 References
List of Tables
List of Figures


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4.0 Defining the Problem - Characterization

4.1 Introduction
4.2 Site Characterization Approach
4.2.1 Mine Life Cycle Phases
4.2.2 Sources of Acid Rock Drainage
4.2.3 Conceptual Site Model Development
4.3 Components of Site Characterization
4.3.1 Geo-environmental Models
4.3.2 Source Material Geochemical Characterization
4.3.3 Watershed Characterization
4.3.3.1 The Hydrologic Cycle
4.3.3.2 Water Balance
4.3.3.3 Assimilative Capacity of the Receiving Environment
4.3.3.4 Biological Receptors
4.4 Summary
4.5 References
List of Tables
List of Figures


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5.0 Prediction

5.1 Introduction
Introduction to CMD Prediction
5.2 Objectives of Prediction Program
5.3 The Prediction Approach
5.3.1 Acid Rock Drainage/Metal Leaching Characterization
5.3.2 Prediction during Different Phases of the Mine Life
5.3.3 Water Quality Prediction
5.4 Prediction Tools
5.4.1 Introduction
5.4.2 Geological and Lithological Investigations
5.4.3 Hydrogeological/Hydrological Investigations
5.4.4 Introduction to Geochemical Characterization
5.4.5 Sample Storage and Preparation Prior to Analysis
5.4.6 Summary of Testing Requirements
5.4.7 Physical Characteristics
5.4.8 Total and Near-Total Solid-Phase Elemental Concentration
5.4.9 Mineralogical Properties
5.4.10 Net Acid or ARD Potential
5.4.11 Short-Term Leach Tests
5.4.12 Laboratory Kinetic Tests
5.4.13 Field Methods
5.4.14 Data Management
5.4.15 Quality Assurance/Quality Control
5.4.16 Screening and Evaluation Criteria
5.4.17 Reporting
5.5 Modeling of Acid Rock Drainage, Neutral Mine Drainage, and Saline Drainage for Characterization and Remediation
5.5.1 Introduction
5.5.2 Geochemical Modeling
5.5.3 Hydrological Modeling
5.5.4 Hydrogeological Modeling
5.5.5 Gas Transport Modeling
5.5.6 Statistical Evaluation
5.6 Conclusions
5.7 References
List of Tables
List of Figures

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6.0 Prevention And Mitigation

6.1 Introduction
6.2 Goals and Objectives of Prevention and Mitigation
6.3 Approach to Acid Rock Drainage Prevention and Mitigation
6.4 Drivers of Acid Rock Drainage
6.4.1 Physical Factors
6.4.2 Geochemical Weathering Processes
6.4.3 Climate and Physical Environment
6.5 Phased Approach
6.6 Overview of Best Practice Methods
6.6.1 Avoidance
6.6.2 Re-mining
6.6.3 Special Handling Methods
6.6.4 Additions and Amendment Methods
6.6.5 Water Management Methods
6.6.6 Engineered Barriers
6.6.7 Water Cover Methods
6.6.8 Drained / Sub-Aerial Tailings Deposition Methods
6.7 Selection and Evaluation of Alternatives
6.8 Design and Construction Considerations
6.9 Maintenance and Monitoring Considerations
6.10 References
List of Tables
List of Figures

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7.0 Drainage Treatment

7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Risk-based approach
7.2 Objectives of Mine Drainage Treatment
7.3 Mine Drainage Treatment
7.4 Drainage Sources, Collection and Management
7.5 Mine Drainage Treatment Technologies
7.5.1 Active Treatment Technologies
Aeration systems for treating CMD
7.5.2 Passive Treatment Technologies
History of Passive Treatment
7.5.3 In situ Treatment Technologies
7.6 Treatment Residues and Wastes
7.7 Recovery of Useful Products
7.8 Treatment in the Context of Mine Closure and Post Closure
7.9 Evaluation and Selection of Drainage Treatment Technologies
7.10 Case Studies
7.11 References
List of Tables
List of Figures

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8.0 Monitoring

8.1 Introduction
8.2 Objectives of Monitoring
8.3 The Acid Rock Drainage Monitoring Approach
8.3.1 Conceptual and Dynamic System Model Development
8.3.2 Risk Based Approach to Monitoring Program Development
8.3.3 Monitoring Program Development
8.3.4 Data Management and Interpretation
8.3.5 Auditing
8.4 Monitoring Program Components
8.4.1 Acid Rock Drainage Sources
8.4.2 Pathways
8.4.3 Mitigation Measures
8.4.4 Receptors
8.5 Closure and Long-Term Considerations
8.6 References and Further Reading
List of Tables
List of Figures
List of Photos

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9.0 Acid Rock Drainage Management and Peformance Assessment

9.1 Introduction
9.2 Developing Acid Rock Drainage Management Plans
9.2.1 Sustainability Considerations
9.2.2 Mine Life Cycle Considerations
9.2.3 Acid Rock Drainage Control – a Multidisciplinary Task
9.2.4 ARD Maturity and the Mine-Life Cycle
9.2.5 Design for Closure
9.2.6 Engineering Design Process
9.2.7 Risk Assessment, Management, and Contingency Plans
9.2.8 Monitoring Performance and Assessment of Success
9.3 Implementing the Acid Rock Drainage Management Plan
Mt. Milligan Project Mini Case Study
9.3.1 Integrating Acid Rock Drainage Management into Mine and Process Operations
9.3.2 Management System Roles and Responsibilities
9.4 Long-Term Considerations
9.4.1 Design Horizon
9.4.2 Long-Term Resources
9.4.3 Information/Institutional Knowledge Retention
9.4.4 Changing Standards/Stakeholder Needs and Expectations
9.5 References
List of Tables
List of Figures

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10.0 Acid Rock Drainage Communication and Consulting

10.1 Introduction
10.2 Why Communicate and Consult about Acid Rock Drainage?
10.2.1 Stakeholder Perceptions about Acid Rock Drainage
10.2.2 Benefits of Communication and Consultation about Acid Rock Drainage
General Information on Metal Leaching and Acid Rock Drainage
10.3 Mining Disciplines Involved in Acid Rock Drainage Management and Communication
10.3.1 Integration of Functions
10.4 Planning Communication and Consultation on Acid Rock Drainage
10.4.1 The Focus of Consulting and Communication
10.4.2 Regulatory and Other Requirements for Communication and Consultation
10.4.3 Tailor Objectives of Stakeholder Engagement to the Situation at Hand|]]
10.5 Communication and Consultation about Acid Rock Drainage for each Mining Phase
10.6 Good-Practice Principles and Approaches
10.6.1 Inclusive Engagement
10.6.2 Get in Early
10.6.3 Be Respectful to People and Cultural Norms
10.6.4 Accessible and Transparent Information
10.6.5 Ongoing Feedback and Acknowledgment
10.6.6 Dispute Management and Resolution
10.6.7 The Principles of Risk Communication
10.7 Responsibilities of Regulators
10.8 Guidelines for Acid Rock Drainage Reporting
10.9 References
List of Tables
List of Figures

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11.0 ARD Management in the Future

11.1 Introduction
11.1.1 ARD through the Sustainable Development "Lens"
11.2 ARD Research and Management - Today and Tomorrow
11.2.1 History and Status of ARD Research and Management
11.2.2 The Future of ARD Research and Management
11.3 Stakeholder Roles
References

Top of this page

Appendices

Acronyms
Glossary

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